Imyenda ya Polypropilene ni iki: Ibyiza, uko byakozwe n'aho biherereye

Imyenda ya Polypropilene ni iki: Ibyiza, uko byakozwe n'aho biherereye

n'itsinda rishyigikira Sewport • Ku ya 25 Gicurasi 2022

Imyenda ya Polypropilene ni iki?

Imyenda ya polypropilene ni ijambo rikoreshwa mugusobanura ibicuruzwa byose byimyenda ikomoka kuri thermoplastique polymer polypropylene. Ubu bwoko bwa plastike ni igice cyitsinda rya polyolefin, kandi ntabwo ari polar hamwe na kristu. Kuruhande rwa polyethylene, polypropilene niyakabiri ikorwa cyane mububiko bwa plastiki kwisi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika, ibyatsi, nubundi bwoko bwibicuruzwa ninganda kuruta uko bikora imyenda.

Ubu bwoko bwa plastike bwakozwe bwa mbere n’isosiyete y'Abanyamerika Phillips Petroleum mu 1951. Abashinzwe imiti Robert Banks na J. Paul Hogan bagerageje kuvana lisansi muri propylene, maze bahita bakora polypropilene. Mugihe ubu bushakashatsi bwabonaga ko bwatsinzwe, byaje kumenyekana vuba ko uru ruganda rushya rufite ubushobozi bwo kunganya na polyethylene mubisabwa byinshi.

Mu 1957, ni bwo polypropilene yakozwe mu bintu bibereye umusaruro mwinshi. Mu 1954, umuhanga mu by'imiti w’umutaliyani witwa Giulio Natta na mugenzi we w’Ubudage bashoboye gukora iyi ngingo mo polymer isotactique, maze isosiyete yo mu Butaliyani Montecatini ihita itangira gukora ibi bintu kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bucuruzi no mu baguzi.

Ubusanzwe Polypropilene yagurishijwe ku izina rya “Moplen,” kandi iri zina riracyari ikirango cyanditswe mu kigo cya LyondellBasell. Nyamara, biramenyerewe cyane kubona iyi ngingo yitwa polypropilene cyangwa “polypro” mugihe gito.

Intebe ifite intebe hamwe nigitambaro mu mwenda wa polypropilene inuma

Nkuko ikoreshwa rya polypropilene ryarushijeho kumenyekana mubaguzi benshi ninganda zinganda, byaje kuvumburwa buhoro buhoro ko ubu bwoko bwa plastike nabwo bwerekanaga ubushobozi nkimyenda. Imyenda ya polipropilene ni imyenda idoda, bivuze ko ikozwe mu buryo butaziguye nta kintu na kimwe gikeneye kuzunguruka. Inyungu nyamukuru ya polypropilene nkigitambara nubushobozi bwayo bwo kohereza; iyi myenda ntishobora gukuramo ubuhehere ubwo aribwo bwose, kandi, ahubwo, ubuhehere bunyura mumyenda ya polypropilene.

Iyi miterere ituma ubushuhe busohoka mugihe wambaye umwenda wa polypropilene uhinduka vuba vuba kuruta uko wambara imyenda igumana ubushuhe. Kubwibyo, iyi myenda irazwi cyane mumyenda yambarwa hafi yuruhu. Nyamara, polypro ifite imyumvire yo gukurura no kugumana impumuro yumubiri iyo ikoreshejwe imyenda yo munsi, kandi nayo ishonga mubushyuhe buke. Imyenda ya polypro yashongeshejwe irashobora gutera inkongi ikomeye, kandi iki kibazo nacyo gituma bidashoboka koza iyi myenda mubushyuhe bwinshi.

Imyenda ya polypropilene ni imwe mu mitsi yoroheje ya sintetike ibaho, kandi irwanya bidasanzwe aside nyinshi na alkalis. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bwumuriro wibi bintu buri munsi yubwa fibre synthique nyinshi, bivuze ko ikwiriye kwambara ikirere gikonje.

Igishishwa cya Beige na cyera Cyakozwe muri polipropilene Upholstery Umwenda

Byongeye kandi, iyi myenda irwanya cyane gukuramo, kandi irwanya udukoko nudukoko. Bitewe nuburyo bugaragara bwa termoplastique, biroroshye kubumba plastike ya polypro muburyo butandukanye, kandi irashobora kuvugururwa binyuze mu gushonga. Iyi plastiki nayo ntishobora kwibasirwa cyane no guhagarika umutima.

Nyamara, polypro izwiho kugora irangi nyuma yo gukorwa, kandi biragoye no guhindura iyi myenda muburyo butandukanye. Iyi myenda irashobora kwangirika kwa UV, kandi ntabwo ifata neza kuri latex cyangwa epoxies. Kimwe nizindi myenda yubukorikori, imyenda ya polypropilene nayo igira ingaruka mbi cyane kubidukikije.

Nigute imyenda ya Polypropilene ikorwa?

Kimwe nubwoko bwinshi bwa plastiki, polypro ikozwe mubintu biva mu bicanwa bya hydrocarubone nkamavuta ya peteroli. Ubwa mbere, monomer propylene ikurwa mumavuta ya peteroli muburyo bwa gaze, hanyuma iyi monomer igakorerwa inzira yiswe urunigi-gukura polymerisation kugirango ikore polymer polypropilene.

Iyo umubare munini wa monomers ya propylene umaze guhuzwa hamwe, harakorwa ibintu bikomeye bya plastiki. Kugirango ukore imyenda ikoreshwa, polipropilene resin igomba kuvangwa nubwoko butandukanye bwa plasitike, stabilisateur, hamwe nuwuzuza. Izi nyongeramusaruro zinjizwa muri polypro yashongeshejwe, kandi iyo ibintu byifuzwa bimaze kuboneka, iyi plastiki irashobora kwemererwa gukonja mumatafari cyangwa pellet.

Pelletes cyangwa amatafari noneho byimurirwa muruganda rukora imyenda, hanyuma bigasubirwamo. Mu bihe byinshi, iyi polypropilene noneho ikorwa mumpapuro, cyangwa irashobora kwemererwa gukonja mubibumbano. Niba impapuro zarakozwe, utwo tunyabugingo duto duto noneho ducibwa muburyo bwifuzwa hanyuma tudoda cyangwa uhambiriwe kugirango ukore imyenda cyangwa impuzu. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora bukoreshwa mugukora polypropilene mubicuruzwa bitari imyenda.

Nigute Imyenda ya Polypropilene ikoreshwa?

Imyenda ya polypro ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukoresha imyenda aho hifuzwa kohereza amazi. Kurugero, ubu bwoko bwa plastike bukoreshwa mugukora impapuro zo hejuru zimpapuro, zikaba zigizwe nimpapuro zikorana nuruhu. Ukoresheje polypropilene kuri iki gice cyimyenda, hizezwa ko ntamazi azakomeza guhura nuruhu rwumwana, bikagabanya amahirwe yo kurwara.

Iyi myenda idoda imyenda yohereza amazi nayo yatumye iba imyenda ikunzwe kubikoresho bikonje. Kurugero, iyi sintetike yakoreshejwe mugukora imyenda y'imbere hamwe na shitingi byakoreshwaga mugisekuru cya mbere cyingabo z’Amerika zaguye Ubukonje bw’ikirere (ECWCS). Byagaragaye ko imyenda ikozwe muri iyi myenda yazamuye ihumure ry’abasirikare mu gihe cy’ubukonje bukabije, ariko ibibazo by’imyenda ya polypro byatumye ingabo z’Amerika zihindura ibisekuru bigezweho by’imyenda ya polyester kuri sisitemu yabo ya Generation II na Generation III ECWCS.

Rimwe na rimwe, imyenda ya polypropilene irashobora no gukoreshwa mu gukora imyenda ya siporo, ariko ibibazo byinshi bijyanye nubu bwoko bwa plastike byatumye verisiyo nshya ya polyester ikundwa cyane kuriyi porogaramu. Mugihe iyi myenda ihererekanya yubushuhe yifuzwa cyane kumyenda ya siporo, kutabasha gukaraba iyi myenda namazi ashyushye bituma bigora kuvana impumuro mumyenda ya siporo ya polypropilene. Byongeye kandi, iyi myenda ishobora kwangirika kwa UV ituma ihitamo nabi kubwoko bwose bwimyenda yo hanze.

Hanze yisi yimyambarire, plastike ya polypropilene ikoreshwa mubihumbi bitandukanye. Bumwe mu buryo buzwi cyane bwo gukoresha iyi ngingo ni mu kunywa ibyatsi; mugihe ibyatsi byakozwe mubipapuro, polypropilene ubu nibikoresho byatoranijwe kuriyi porogaramu. Iyi plastiki kandi ikoreshwa mugukora imigozi, ibirango byibiribwa, gupakira ibiryo, indorerwamo zizuba, nubwoko butandukanye bwimifuka.

Imyenda ya Polypropilene ikorerwa he?

Kugeza ubu Ubushinwa nicyohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi muri polipropilene. Mu mwaka wa 2016, inganda zo muri iki gihugu zakoze urugero rwa plastiki ya polypro ifite agaciro ka miliyari 5.9 z'amadolari, kandi biteganijwe ko iyi nzira izakomeza guhagarara neza mu gihe kiri imbere.

Umubare munini wiyi ngingo ukorerwa no mubudage; iki gihugu cyinjije hafi miliyari 2,5 z'amadolari ya polypropilene mu 2016, naho Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Mexico, n'Ububiligi nabwo bukora ibintu bikomeye. Muri 2016, Amerika yakoze miliyari 1.1 z'amadolari y'ibicuruzwa bya polypro.

Umukinnyi ukomeye mu nganda mpuzamahanga zikora polypropilene ni LyondellBasell. Iyi sosiyete yashinzwe mu Buholandi, kandi ifite aho ikorera i Houston na London.

Umwanya wa kabiri muri uru ruganda ni Sinopec Group, ifite icyicaro i Beijing, na PetroChina Group, nayo ifite icyicaro i Beijing. 10 ba mbere bakora ibi bintu bangana na 55 ku ijana byumusaruro rusange wa polypropilene kwisi yose.

Polypropilene itunganyirizwa mu myenda kwisi yose. Umusaruro munini wimyenda ya polypro yarangiye ni Ubushinwa, kandi ubu bwoko bwimyenda nabwo budoda mumyenda nubundi bwoko bwimyenda mubuhinde, Pakisitani, Indoneziya, nibindi bihugu bitari bike.

Ibiciro by'imyenda ya Polypropilene bingana iki?

Imyenda ya polipropilene ishyirwa imbere yigitanda cyazamuye imyerezi

Kubera ko polypro ari bumwe mu bwoko bwa plastiki bukorwa cyane, muri rusange ntibihendutse cyane. Umubare munini winganda zikomeye zitandukanye zirahatana kugirango zifate isoko rya plastiki kwisi, kandi iri rushanwa rituma ibiciro biri hasi.

Ariko, imyenda ya polypropilene irashobora kuba ihenze cyane. Impamvu nyamukuru yiki giciro cyiyongereye nukubura ibisabwa; mugihe imyenda ya polypropilene yahoze ikoreshwa mugukora imyenda yubushyuhe inshuro nyinshi, iterambere ryambere mubikorwa bya polyester ryatumye ubu bwoko bwimyenda butagikoreshwa. Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwimyenda bugura amafaranga menshi kubakora imyenda kuruta imyenda isa nubukorikori, nka polyester, kandi iki giciro cyiyongereye muri rusange gihabwa abaguzi ba nyuma.

Ni ngombwa gusobanura, ariko, ko iki giciro cyiyongereye kireba gusa imyenda ya polypropilene yagenewe gukorwa mumyenda. Ubwoko butandukanye bwimyenda ya polypropilene idakwiriye imyenda igurishwa ku giciro gito ugereranije, kandi muri rusange ntabwo ihendutse cyane. Iyi myenda ije muburyo butandukanye bwamabara atandukanye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bw'imyenda ya Polypropilene Irahari?

Ibintu bitandukanye byongeweho birashobora kongerwaho kuri polypro mugihe iri mumazi yayo kugirango ihindure ibiranga ibi bikoresho. Mubyongeyeho, hari ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwiyi plastike:

• Homopolymer polypropylene: Plastike ya polypro ifatwa nka homopolymer mugihe iri muburyo bwambere nta nyongeramusaruro. Ubu bwoko bwa plastike ya polypro ntabwo busanzwe bufatwa nkibikoresho byiza kumyenda.

• Copolymer polypropilene: Ubwoko bwinshi bwimyenda ya polypropilene ni copolymer. Ubu bwoko bwa polipro ya polipro iracitsemo kabiri igabanya kopolymer polypropilene na polopropile idasanzwe. Ibice bya co-monomer muburyo bwo guhagarika iyi plastike bitunganijwe muburyo busanzwe bwa kare, ariko ibice bya co-monomer muburyo butunguranye byateganijwe muburyo butunguranye. Guhagarika cyangwa guhitamo polypropilene ikwiranye no gukoresha imyenda, ariko guhagarika plastike ya polipro ikoreshwa cyane.