Igitambaro cya Polypropylene ni iki: Imiterere yacyo, uko cyakozwe n'aho cyakorewe

Igitambaro cya Polypropylene ni iki: Imiterere yacyo, uko cyakozwe n'aho cyakorewe

n'itsinda rishinzwe gushyigikira Sewport • 25 Gicurasi 2022

Igitambaro cya Polypropylene ni iki?

Igitambaro cya polypropylene ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu gusobanura ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cy’imyenda gikomoka kuri polypropylene ya thermoplastic polymer. Ubu bwoko bwa plastiki ni bumwe mu itsinda rya polyolefin, kandi ntabwo ari polar kandi ni crystalline igice. Uretse polyethylene, polypropylene ni yo plastiki ya kabiri ikorwa cyane ku isi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu gupakira, mu byo gupfunyika, no mu bundi bwoko bw’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa n’inganda kurusha mu gukora imyenda.

Ubu bwoko bwa plastiki bwakozwe bwa mbere n’ikigo cy’Abanyamerika Phillips Petroleum mu 1951. Abahanga mu bya chimie Robert Banks na J. Paul Hogan bagerageje gukura lisansi muri propylene, maze bakora polypropylene ku bw’impanuka. Nubwo iri gerageza ryafashwe nk’iryananiwe, byahise bigaragara ko iyi mvange nshya ifite ubushobozi bwo kuba ingana na polyethylene mu bikorwa byinshi.

Ariko, kugeza mu 1957, ni bwo polypropylene yakozwemo ikintu kibereye gukorwa ku bwinshi. Mu 1954, umuhanga mu bya shimi w’Umutaliyani Giulio Natta na mugenzi we w’Umudage babashije gukora iki kintu kikaba polymer ya isotactic, maze ikigo cy’Abataliyani Montecatini gitangira gukora iki kintu vuba kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu bucuruzi no mu bucuruzi.

Polypropylene yabanje kugurishwa ku izina rya "Moplen," kandi iri zina riracyari ikirango cyanditswe cy’ikigo cya LyondellBasell. Ariko, ni ibisanzwe cyane kubona iki kintu cyitwa polypropylene cyangwa "polypro" mu magambo ahinnye.

Intebe y'igorofa ifite ihema n'umugozi mu mwenda wa polypropylene mu ibara ry'umukara wijimye

Uko ikoreshwa rya polypropylene ryagendaga rirushaho gukundwa mu buryo butandukanye bukoreshwa n'abaguzi ndetse n'inganda, byagiye bigaragara buhoro buhoro ko ubwo bwoko bwa plastiki bwagaragaje ubushobozi bwo gukora nk'imyenda. Imyenda ya polypropylene ni imyenda idafunze, bivuze ko ikorwa mu buryo butaziguye mu bikoresho nta mpamvu yo kuyidoda. Akamaro nyamukuru ka polypropylene nk'imyenda ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo kohereza amazi; iyi myenda ntishobora kwinjiza amazi, ahubwo amazi anyura mu myenda ya polypropylene yose.

Iyi miterere ituma ubushuhe buvamo umuntu yambaye umwenda wa polypropylene bushira vuba cyane kuruta uko byagenda iyo umuntu yambaye umwenda ufata ubushuhe. Kubwibyo, uyu mwenda ukunzwe cyane mu myenda yambarwa hafi y'uruhu. Ariko, polypro ifite ubushake bwo kwinjiza no kubika impumuro mbi mu mubiri iyo ikoreshejwe mu myenda y'imbere, kandi inashonga ku bushyuhe buke. Imyenda ya polypro ishongeshejwe ishobora gutera ubushyuhe bukomeye, kandi iki kibazo gituma bidashoboka koza uyu mwenda ku bushyuhe bwinshi.

Igitambaro cya polypropylene ni kimwe mu bitambaro byoroheje cyane bya sintetike bihari, kandi kirwanya cyane aside na alkali nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bw'iki kintu buri hasi ugereranyije n'ubw'ibitambaro byinshi bya sintetike, bivuze ko kibereye cyane mu gihe cy'ubukonje.

Imyenda ya Beige na White Basket iboshye Polypropylene Upholstery

Byongeye kandi, iyi plastike irarwanya cyane kwangirika, kandi inarwanya udukoko n'ibindi bikoko. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo budasanzwe bwo gushyushya, byoroshye kubumba plastiki ya polypro mo imiterere n'imiterere itandukanye, kandi ishobora kuvugururwa binyuze mu gushonga. Iyi plastiki kandi ntabwo ishobora kwangirika cyane.

Ariko, polypro irakomeye kuyisiga irangi nyuma yo kuyikora, kandi biragoye kuyihinduramo imiterere itandukanye. Iyi myenda ishobora kwangirika n'imirasire y'izuba, kandi ntifata neza latex cyangwa epoxies. Kimwe n'indi myenda yose ikoze mu bukorikori, imyenda ya polypropylene nayo igira ingaruka mbi cyane ku bidukikije.

Igitambaro cya Polypropylene gikorwa gite?

Kimwe n’ubwoko bwinshi bwa pulasitiki, polypro ikorwa mu bintu bikomoka kuri hydrocarbon peteroli nka peteroli. Ubwa mbere, monomer propylene ikurwa muri peteroli mu buryo bwa gaze, hanyuma iyi monomer igakorerwa polymerization yitwa chain-growth polymerization kugira ngo hakorwe polypropylene ya polymer.

Iyo umubare munini wa propylene monomers umaze guhuzwa, hakorwa ibikoresho bikomeye bya pulasitiki. Kugira ngo hakorwe umwenda ushobora gukoreshwa, polypropylene resin igomba kuvangwa n'ubwoko bwinshi bwa pulasitiki, stabilizers, na fillers. Ibi bivangwa bishyirwa muri polypropylene ishongeshejwe, kandi iyo ikintu cyifuzwa kibonetse, iyi plastiki ishobora kwemererwa gukonja ikamera nk'amatafari cyangwa utubumbe.

Hanyuma utu duce cyangwa amatafari bijyanwa mu ruganda rw'imyenda, hanyuma bigashongeshwa. Kenshi na kenshi, iyi polypropylene ikorwamo impapuro, cyangwa ishobora kwemererwa gukonja mu ibumba. Iyo impapuro zikozwe, izi fibre zoroshye zicibwamo ishusho wifuza hanyuma zikadodwa cyangwa zigashyirwa kole kugira ngo hakorwe imyenda cyangwa amatafari. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora bukoreshwa mu gukora polypropylene mu bintu bitari imyenda.

Igitambaro cya Polypropylene gikoreshwa gite?

Igitambaro cya Polypro gikunze gukoreshwa mu myenda aho umuntu akeneye kohereza ubushuhe. Urugero, ubu bwoko bwa plastiki bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukora impapuro zo hejuru zo gushyiramo ama-diaper, ari byo bigize ama-diaper akorana n'uruhu. Mu gukoresha polypropylene kuri iki gice cy'ama-diaper, byemezwa ko nta bushuhe buzakomeza gukora ku ruhu rw'umwana, ibi bigabanya amahirwe yo gutera uduheri.

Uburyo bwo koroshya ubushuhe bw'iyi myenda idafunze bwatumye iba imyenda ikunzwe cyane mu bikoresho byo mu gihe cy'ubukonje. Urugero, iyi myenda ya sintetike yakoreshejwe mu gukora imyenda y'imbere n'iy'imbere yakoreshejwe mu gisekuru cya mbere cya Sisitemu y'Imyenda ya Extended Weather Weather System (ECWCS) y'Ingabo za Amerika. Byagaragaye ko imyenda ikozwe muri iyi myenda yatumaga abasirikare bamererwa neza mu gihe cy'ubukonje, ariko ibibazo by'imyenda ya polypro byatumye igisirikare cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gihindura iy'imyenda ya polyester igezweho kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri sisitemu ya ECWCS ya Generation II na Generation III.

Hari ubwo imyenda ya polypropylene ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gukora imyenda ya siporo, ariko ibibazo byinshi kuri ubwo bwoko bwa plastiki byatumye ubwoko bushya bwa polyester bukundwa cyane kuri ubu buryo. Nubwo ubushobozi bw'iyi myenda bwo kohereza ubushuhe ari bwiza cyane ku myenda ya siporo, kuba idashoboye koza iyi myenda n'amazi ashyushye bituma bigorana gukuraho impumuro mbi ku myenda ya siporo ya polypropylene. Byongeye kandi, kuba iyi myenda ishobora kwangirika n'imirasire y'izuba bituma iba amahitamo mabi ku myenda iyo ari yo yose yo hanze.

Uretse isi y'imyambarire, pulasitiki ya polypropylene ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye ibihumbi n'ibihumbi. Imwe mu mikoreshereze izwi cyane y'iki kintu ni mu mifuka yo kunywa; nubwo imifuka yakozwe mu mpapuro, polypropylene ubu ni yo ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gikorwa. Iyi plastiki inakoreshwa mu gukora imigozi, ibirango by'ibiribwa, gupfunyika ibiryo, indorerwamo z'izuba, n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'amasakoshi.

Imyenda ya Polypropylene ikorerwa he?

Ubushinwa ni bwo bushora imari nyinshi mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bya polypropylene. Mu 2016, inganda zo muri iki gihugu zakoraga ingano ya pulasitiki ya polypropylene ifite agaciro ka miliyari 5.9 z'amadolari, kandi biteganijwe ko iyi nzira izakomeza kuba nziza mu gihe kizaza.

Igice kinini cy'iyi miti ikorerwa mu Budage; iki gihugu cyakoze polipropylene igera kuri miliyari 2.5 z'amadolari mu 2016, kandi Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Megizike, n'Ububiligi nabyo ni byo bitanga iyi miti ku buryo bugaragara. Mu 2016, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zinjiye mu bicuruzwa bya polypropylene ingana na miliyari 1.1 z'amadolari.

Ikipe ikomeye mu nganda mpuzamahanga zikora polypropylene ni LyondellBasell. Iyi sosiyete ikorera mu Buholandi, kandi ifite ibirindiro ikoreramo i Houston na Londres.

Itsinda rya kabiri muri uru ruganda ni Sinopec Group, ifite icyicaro i Beijing, na PetroChina Group, nayo ifite icyicaro i Beijing. Abakora iyi miti 10 ba mbere bangana na 55% by'umusaruro wose wa polypropylene ku isi.

Polypropylene itunganywa mu myenda hirya no hino ku isi. Igihugu kinini gitunganya imyenda ya polypro ni Ubushinwa, kandi ubwo bwoko bw'imyenda bunadoderwa mu myenda n'indi myenda mu Buhinde, Pakisitani, Indoneziya, n'ibindi bihugu byinshi.

Igiciro cy'imyenda ya polypropylene kingana iki?

Igitambaro cya polypropylene kiri gushyirwa imbere mu gitanda cya sederi giteretswe hejuru

Kubera ko polypro ari imwe mu moko ya plastiki ikorwa cyane, muri rusange ihendutse cyane mu bwinshi. Inganda nyinshi zitandukanye zikomeye zihangana kugira ngo zigarurire isoko ry’isi rya plastiki, kandi iri rushanwa rituma ibiciro bigabanuka.

Ariko, imyenda ya polypropylene ishobora kuba ihenze cyane. Impamvu nyamukuru y’izamuka ry’igiciro ni ukubura kwakirwa; mu gihe imyenda ya polypropylene yakoreshwaga mu gukora imyenda y’imbere ishyushye kenshi, iterambere riherutse mu gukora polyester ryatumye ubwoko bw’imyenda budasaza cyane. Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bw’imyenda buhenda cyane ku bakora imyenda kurusha imyenda isa nayo, nka polyester, kandi iki giciro cyiyongereye muri rusange gihabwa umuguzi wa nyuma.

Ariko, ni ngombwa gusobanura neza ko iki giciro cyiyongereye kireba gusa imyenda ya polypropylene yagenewe gukorwamo imyenda. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'imyenda ya polypropylene idakwiranye n'imyenda bugurishwa ku giciro gito, kandi muri rusange buhendutse cyane. Iyi myenda iza mu mabara atandukanye n'imiterere itandukanye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bw'imyenda ya polypropylene?

Inyongera zitandukanye zishobora kongerwa kuri polypro mu gihe imeze nk'amazi kugira ngo ihindure imiterere y'iyi plastiki. Byongeye kandi, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'iyi plastiki:

• Polypropylene ya Homopolymer: Plastike ya Polypro ifatwa nk'aho ari homopolymer iyo imeze nk'uko yari imeze mbere nta nyongeramusaruro. Ubu bwoko bwa plastiki ya polypro ntabwo bukunze gufatwa nk'ibikoresho byiza byo gukora imyenda.

• Polypropylene ya Copolymer: Ubwoko bwinshi bw'imyenda ya polypropylene ni copolymer. Ubu bwoko bwa pulasitiki ya polypropylene bugabanywamo ibice bibiri: polypropylene ya block copolymer na polypropylene ya random copolymer. Ibice bya co-monomer mu ishusho y'iyi pulasitiki bitondetse mu buryo busanzwe bwa kare, ariko ibice bya co-monomer mu buryo butunguranye bitondetse mu buryo butunguranye. Polypropylene yaba block cyangwa random ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu myenda, ariko pulasitiki ya block polypropylene niyo ikoreshwa cyane.