Ibikoresho bivanze bikozwe mu ruganda rukomeye rw'icyuma cyangiritse hamwe n'icyuma gihuza binyuze mu ifu ya metallurgie. Carbide ya sima ifite urukurikirane rwibintu byiza cyane nko gukomera cyane, kwambara birwanya imbaraga, gukomera no gukomera, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ruswa, cyane cyane ubukana bwayo bukabije no kwambara, bikomeza kuba bidahindutse ndetse no ku bushyuhe bwa 500 ° C, buracyafite ubukana bwinshi kuri 1000 ℃. Carbide ikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho byibikoresho, nkibikoresho byo guhindura, gukata urusyo, abapanga, imyitozo, ibikoresho birambirana, nibindi, mugukata ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer, plastike, fibre chimique, grafite, ikirahure, amabuye nicyuma gisanzwe, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mugukata ibikoresho bigoye-kumashini nkibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bya manganese ndende, ibyuma byabikoresho, nibindi. Umuvuduko wo kugabanya ibikoresho bishya bya karbide ubu wikubye inshuro amagana ibyuma bya karubone.
Gukoresha karbide ya sima
(1) Ibikoresho
Carbide nigikoresho kinini cyibikoresho, gishobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo guhindura, gukata urusyo, abapanga, imyitozo, nibindi. Muri byo, karubide ya tungsten-cobalt ikwiranye no gutunganya chip ngufi yo gutunganya ibyuma bya fer na ferro no gutunganya ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, nk'ibyuma, umuringa, bakelite, nibindi.; tungsten-titanium-cobalt karbide ikwiranye no gutunganya igihe kirekire ibyuma bya fer fer nkibyuma. Gukora chip. Mubintu bisa nkibi, abafite ibintu byinshi bya cobalt birakwiriye gutunganywa bikabije, naho abafite cobalt nkeya bakwiriye kurangiza. Intego rusange-ya sima ya karbide ifite ubuzima burebure cyane kuruta ubundi bwa sima ya sima kubikoresho bigoye-imashini nkibikoresho bitagira umwanda.
(2) Ibikoresho
Carbide ya sima ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa bikonje bipfa nko gushushanya ubukonje bipfa, gukubita gukonje bipfa, gukuramo ubukonje bipfa, na pir ikonje irapfa.
Carbide imitwe ikonje ipfa gusabwa kugira ingaruka nziza gukomera, gukomera kuvunika, imbaraga zumunaniro, imbaraga zunamye hamwe no kurwanya kwambara neza mugihe cyakazi kidashobora kwihanganira akazi cyangwa ingaruka zikomeye. Hagati hamwe na cobalt ndende hamwe na orta kandi yoroheje ingano ya alloy amanota akoreshwa, nka YG15C.
Muri rusange, isano iri hagati yo kurwanya kwambara no gukomera kwa karbide ya sima iravuguruzanya: kwiyongera kwimyambarire bizatera kugabanuka gukomera, kandi kwiyongera gukomera byanze bikunze bizagabanuka kugabanuka kwimyambarire. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhitamo amanota ya alloy, birakenewe ko wuzuza ibisabwa byihariye byo gukoresha ukurikije ibintu bitunganyirizwa hamwe nibikorwa byakazi.
Niba icyiciro cyatoranijwe gikunda guturika hakiri kare no kwangirika mugihe cyo gukoresha, amanota hamwe nuburemere bukomeye agomba guhitamo; niba icyiciro cyatoranijwe gikunda kwambara hakiri kare no kwangirika mugihe cyo gukoresha, amanota afite ubukana bwinshi kandi birwanya kwambara neza agomba guhitamo. . Ibyiciro bikurikira: YG15C, YG18C, YG20C, YL60, YG22C, YG25C Uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo, ubukana buragabanuka, imyambarire iragabanuka, kandi ubukana buriyongera; ibinyuranye, ibinyuranye nukuri.
(3) Gupima ibikoresho nibice bidashobora kwambara
Carbide ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kwihanganira kwambara no kugabanya ibikoresho byo gupima, gufata neza gusya, amasahani yo kuyobora hamwe ninkoni ziyobora zidasya hagati, hejuru yumusarani nibindi bice bidashobora kwihanganira kwambara.
Ibyuma bihuza muri rusange ni ibyuma byitsinda ryicyuma, mubisanzwe cobalt na nikel.
Iyo ukora karbide ya sima, ingano yifu yifu yatoranijwe iri hagati ya microne 1 na 2, kandi ubuziranenge buri hejuru cyane. Ibikoresho fatizo byateguwe hakurikijwe igipimo cyabigenewe, kandi inzoga cyangwa ibindi bitangazamakuru byongewe kumashanyarazi mu ruganda rutose kugira ngo bivangwe neza kandi bisunikwe. Kuramo imvange. Hanyuma, imvange irasunikwa, irakanda, kandi ishyuha kugeza ubushyuhe hafi yo gushonga kwicyuma gihuza (1300-1500 ° C), icyiciro gikomeye hamwe nicyuma cya binder bizakora amavuta ya eutectic. Nyuma yo gukonjesha, ibyiciro bikomye bigabanywa muri gride igizwe nicyuma gihuza kandi bigahuzwa cyane kugirango bibe byose bikomeye. Ubukomezi bwa karbide ya sima biterwa nibice bikomye hamwe nubunini bwingano, ni ukuvuga, uko ibyiciro bikomye bikabije kandi ingano nziza, niko gukomera. Ubukomezi bwa karbide ya sima bugenwa nicyuma gihuza. Kurenza ibyuma bihuza ibyuma, niko imbaraga zihindagurika.
Mu 1923, Schlerter w’Ubudage yongeyeho 10% kugeza kuri 20% cobalt kuri pungeri ya karubide ya tungsten nka binder, maze avumbura amavuta mashya ya tungsten karbide na cobalt. Ubukomezi ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama. Carbide ya mbere ya sima yakozwe. Iyo ukata ibyuma hamwe nigikoresho gikozwe muri aya mavuta, gukata bizashira vuba, ndetse no gukata bizacika. Mu 1929, Schwarzkov muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika yongeyeho urugero runini rwa karubide ya tungsten na karubide ya titanium karbide yibigize umwimerere, byazamuye imikorere yicyo gikoresho mu guca ibyuma. Iki nikindi kintu cyagezweho mumateka yiterambere rya karbide.
Carbide ya sima ifite urukurikirane rwibintu byiza cyane nko gukomera cyane, kwambara birwanya imbaraga, gukomera no gukomera, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya ruswa, cyane cyane ubukana bwayo bukabije no kwambara, bikomeza kuba bidahindutse ndetse no ku bushyuhe bwa 500 ° C, buracyafite ubukana bwinshi kuri 1000 ℃. Carbide ikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho byibikoresho, nkibikoresho byo guhindura, gukata urusyo, abapanga, imyitozo, ibikoresho birambirana, nibindi, mugukata ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer, plastike, fibre chimique, grafite, ikirahure, amabuye nicyuma gisanzwe, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mugukata ibikoresho bigoye-kumashini nkibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bya manganese ndende, ibyuma byabikoresho, nibindi. Umuvuduko wo kugabanya ibikoresho bishya bya karbide ubu wikubye inshuro amagana ibyuma bya karubone.
Carbide irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye, ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye, ibikoresho byo gucukura, ibikoresho byo gupima, ibice birwanya kwambara, ibyuma byangiza, ibyuma bya silinderi, ibyuma bisobanutse neza, nozzles, ibishushanyo mbonera (nko gushushanya insinga bipfa, bolt ipfa, ibinyomoro bipfa , hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwihuta, imikorere myiza ya carbide ya sima buhoro buhoro yasimbuye ibyuma byabanjirije).
Nyuma, karbide isize isima nayo yasohotse. Mu 1969, Suwede yakoze igikoresho cyiza cya titanium karbide. Urufatiro rwibikoresho ni tungsten-titanium-cobalt karbide cyangwa tungsten-cobalt karbide. Ubunini bwa titanium karbide itwikiriye hejuru ni microne nkeya, ariko ugereranije nikirangantego kimwe cyibikoresho bivangavanze, Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwongerewe inshuro 3, kandi umuvuduko wo kugabanya wiyongereyeho 25% kugeza kuri 50%. Mu myaka ya za 70, igisekuru cya kane cyibikoresho bisize byagaragaye mugukata ibikoresho bigoye kumashini.
Nigute karbide ya sima yashizwemo?
Carbide ya sima nigikoresho cyicyuma gikozwe na powder metallurgie ya karbide hamwe nicyuma gihuza ibyuma kimwe cyangwa byinshi byanga.
Major ibihugu bitanga umusaruro
Hariho ibihugu birenga 50 kwisi bitanga karbide ya sima, byose hamwe bikaba 27.000-28.000t-. Abakora ibicuruzwa nyamukuru ni Amerika, Uburusiya, Suwede, Ubushinwa, Ubudage, Ubuyapani, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, n'ibindi. Isoko rya karbide ku isi ryuzuye cyane. , amarushanwa yo ku isoko arakaze cyane. Inganda za karbide mu Bushinwa zatangiye gushingwa mu mpera za 1950. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960 kugeza muri za 70, Ubushinwa bwa sima bwa karbide bwateye imbere byihuse. Mu ntangiriro ya za 90, Ubushinwa bwose bwakoraga karbide ya sima bwageze kuri 6000t, naho umusaruro wa karbide ya sima wageze kuri 5000t, uwa kabiri nyuma y’Uburusiya na Amerika, uza ku mwanya wa gatatu ku isi.
WC
UngTungsten na cobalt sima ya karbide
Ibyingenzi byingenzi ni tungsten karbide (WC) na binder cobalt (Co).
Urwego rwarwo rugizwe na “YG” (“bikomeye na cobalt” mu gishinwa Pinyin) hamwe nijanisha ryibintu bisanzwe bya cobalt.
Kurugero, YG8 bisobanura impuzandengo ya WCo = 8%, naho ibindi ni tungsten-cobalt karbide ya tungsten karbide.
Icyuma cya TIC
UngTungsten-titanium-cobalt karbide
Ibyingenzi byingenzi ni tungsten karbide, titanium karbide (TiC) na cobalt.
Urwego rwarwo rugizwe na “YT” (“bikomeye, titanium” inyuguti ebyiri mu gishinwa Pinyin prefix) hamwe n'impuzandengo ya titanium karbide.
Kurugero, YT15 bisobanura impuzandengo ya WTi = 15%, naho ibindi ni tungsten karbide na tungsten-titanium-cobalt karbide irimo cobalt.
Tungsten Titanium Igikoresho cya Tantalum
UngTungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) ciment ya karbide
Ibyingenzi byingenzi ni tungsten karbide, titanium karbide, tantalum karbide (cyangwa niobium carbide) na cobalt. Ubu bwoko bwa karbide ya sima nayo yitwa karbide rusange ya sima cyangwa karbide rusange.
Urwego rwarwo rugizwe na “YW” (prefix ya fonetike yubushinwa ya “hard” na “wan”) hiyongereyeho numero ikurikirana, nka YW1.
Ibiranga imikorere
Kwinjiza Carbide
Gukomera cyane (86 ～ 93HRA, bihwanye na 69 ～ 81HRC);
Gukomera kwubushyuhe bwiza (kugeza 900 ～ 1000 ℃, komeza 60HRC);
Kurwanya abrasion nziza.
Ibikoresho byo gukata Carbide byihuta inshuro 4 kugeza kuri 7 kuruta ibyuma byihuta, kandi ubuzima bwibikoresho burenze inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 80. Gukora ibishushanyo n'ibikoresho byo gupima, ubuzima bwa serivisi burenze inshuro 20 kugeza kuri 150 kurenza icyuma gikoresha ibikoresho. Irashobora guca ibikoresho bikomeye bya 50HRC.
Nyamara, karbide ya sima iroroshye kandi ntishobora gutunganywa, kandi biragoye gukora ibikoresho byuzuye bifite imiterere igoye. Kubwibyo, ibyuma byuburyo butandukanye bikozwe kenshi, bigashyirwa kumubiri wigikoresho cyangwa umubiri wabumbwe no gusudira, guhuza, gufatisha imashini, nibindi.
Akabari kihariye
Gucumura
Isima ya karibide ya sima isukuye ni ugukanda ifu muri bilet, hanyuma ukinjira mu itanura ryumuriro kugirango ushushe ubushyuhe runaka (ubushyuhe bwo gucumura), ubigumane mugihe runaka (ufate umwanya), hanyuma ubikonje kugirango ubone sima. ibikoresho bya karbide hamwe nibintu bisabwa.
Inzira ya sima ya sima ya sima irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bine byibanze:
1: Murwego rwo gukuraho agent ikora no kubanza gucumura, umubiri wacumuye uhinduka kuburyo bukurikira:
Kuvanaho ibintu byabumbwe, hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe mugihe cyambere cyo gucumura, umukozi wo kubumba agenda yangirika cyangwa akavamo umwuka, kandi umubiri wacumuye ukaba utarimo. Ubwoko, ubwinshi nuburyo bwo gucumura buratandukanye.
Okiside iri hejuru yifu iragabanuka. Ubushyuhe bukabije, hydrogen irashobora kugabanya okiside ya cobalt na tungsten. Niba igikoresho cyo gukora cyakuweho mu cyuho kandi kigacumura, imyuka ya karubone-ogisijeni ntabwo ikomeye. Guhangayikishwa no guhura hagati yifu ya poro bigenda bikurwaho buhoro buhoro, ifu yicyuma ihuza itangira gukira no kongera gukora, gukwirakwiza hejuru bitangiye kugaragara, kandi imbaraga za briquetting ziratera imbere.
2: Icyiciro gikomeye cyo gucumura (800 ℃ –ubushyuhe bwa eutectic)
Ku bushyuhe mbere yo kugaragara kwicyiciro cyamazi, usibye gukomeza inzira yicyiciro kibanziriza iki, icyiciro cya fonction reaction no gukwirakwizwa kirakomera, imigendekere ya plastike irazamuka, kandi umubiri wacumuye ugabanuka cyane.
3: Icyiciro cyamazi yo gucumura (ubushyuhe bwa eutectic - ubushyuhe bwo gucumura)
Iyo icyiciro cyamazi kigaragaye mumubiri wacumuye, kugabanuka kurangira vuba, bigakurikirwa no guhinduranya ibintu kugirango bibe imiterere shingiro n'imiterere ya alloy.
4: Icyiciro gikonje (ubushyuhe bwo gucumura - ubushyuhe bwicyumba)
Kuri iki cyiciro, imiterere nicyiciro cyibigize bivanze bifite impinduka zimwe nuburyo bukonje butandukanye. Iyi mikorere irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ushushe karbide ya sima kugirango itezimbere imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-11-2022
