Utwuma twa Tungsten Carbide twashyizwemo

Dushobora kubona inyungu mu bicuruzwa bitangwa kuri uru rubuga no kwitabira gahunda z'abafatanyabikorwa. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi.
Nubwo urukero rwiza rwo ku meza rushobora koroshya gutema ibiti no gukora akazi kenshi, urukero rwiza rwo ku meza narwo ni ubwiza. Gukoresha urukero rwiza kandi rwiza bishobora kugufasha kugera ku musaruro wifuza, ariko urukero rudakwiye rushobora kwangiza vuba umushinga wawe wo gukora cyangwa bigatuma urukero rwawe rwo ku meza rutangira gucumba umwotsi.
Reba igice cy'icyuma cy'urukero mu gice cy'ibikoresho byo mu iduka ryawe ryo kuvugurura inzu, uzahita ubona ko hari amahitamo menshi yo gutekerezaho. Guhitamo icyuma gikwiye ubwoko bw'icyuma cy'urukero cyo ku meza n'umushinga wawe bishobora gutera urujijo. Kugira ngo byoroshye ibintu, twagerageje intoki zimwe mu cyuma cyiza cy'urukero cyo ku meza ku isoko, tunasangiza ibisubizo biri hepfo.
Waba ushaka icyuma cyiza kandi gikoreshwa mu buryo bwose kugira ngo gihuze n'ibyo ukeneye byose, cyangwa icyuma cyihariye cyo kunoza imikorere yawe yo gukata imbaho, komeza usome kugira ngo umenye amwe mu mahitamo meza aboneka kugira ngo ubashe guhitamo neza.
Hari ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi dushaka muri iyi suzuma: ubwiza buciriritse, gutigita guke, n'inkombe zityaye. Iyo turangiriza ahazubakwa cyangwa dukora imirimo yo kubaza imbaho ​​mu rugo, dushaka ibyuma bitanga inkombe zityaye kandi biteguye (cyangwa hafi ya byose) gusigwa.
Twita kandi ku miterere y'amenyo, ubwiza bwa karubide n'ubukana muri rusange kugira ngo dukore izi nganda tudashyize imbaraga nyinshi ku giti cya tenon pine cyateguwe, ibiti bitukura by'igiti cya oak, plywood ya maple n'ibiti byo ku rukuta.
Kuva ku nsinga nziza z'umucanga zikoreshwa mu buryo bwose ku buryo butandukanye bwo gukata kugeza ku nsinga nziza cyane zo gukata imiyoboro n'imbaho ​​zo gutema, twagerageje zimwe mu nsinga nziza zo gutema ku meza ku isoko kugira ngo akazi korohe. Uhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiranye n'akazi kawe. Niba ushaka insinga zizagufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe ku nsinga zo gutema ku meza, kunguka umusaruro mwiza ku kazi kawe n'ibyo ukora, no kubyaza umusaruro ingengo y'imari yawe, ntuzarenze izi nsinga. Komeza usome kugira ngo urebe isuzuma ry'imyanya imwe y'insinga zo gutema ku meza zizwi cyane.
Nubwo igiciro cy'uru rushinge rw'amenyo rwo hejuru rwa Forrest table rushobora gusa nkaho ruri hejuru, imikorere yarwo yo hejuru n'imikorere yarwo inyuranye bituma rugira agaciro k'ikiguzi cy'inyongera. Rufite imiterere y'amenyo yo hejuru asimburana, uru rushinge rutanga imikurire myiza n'ibice birenga urugero kurusha urundi rushinge rwapimwe.
Nubwo isiga utubumbe duto ku nkengero z'umuti wa pinusi, ntabwo bigaragara cyane. Umuvuduko mwiza kandi uhamye wo kugaburira utuma bishoboka guhuza imirongo ya kole. Ifite amenyo ya C-4 carbide akozwe mu ntoki, kandi Forrest ntabwo ikarishya gusa iyo bikenewe, ahubwo inayisubiza ku bipimo by'uruganda ku giciro gito cyane ugereranyije n'igiciro cy'icyuma gishya. Uko igihe kigenda gihita ibi byongera agaciro gakomeye kuko umukoresha ahora afite icyuma hejuru. Ndetse kizana n'ubuyobozi bwiza bwo gushyiraho umucanga wo ku meza; dushobora kwishyira mu mwanya w'abantu bakora iki gicuruzwa. Kirahenze cyane ariko gifite agaciro kandi gikomeza kubungabungwa.
Ihendutse cyane ugereranyije n'izindi nyundo, izi nyundo za Dewalt nizo nziza twabona ku icupa ryo ku meza muri iri tsinda ry'igerageza, kandi nyundo zombi muri izi ebyiri zakoze neza cyane. Isahani yo kurangiza amenyo 60 ni yo yonyine. Isiga gusa inyundo zoroshye ku giti cya pinusi gifatanye, kandi igika cyayo kiba cyoroshye cyane, nta gucikamo ibice muri plywood ya maple. Inyundo ishobora no guhangana n'imashini zihinga inshuro 2 × 4 rimwe na rimwe, nubwo bisaba igikoresho.
Imbugita zo gukata zikoresha mudasobwa zaje ku mwanya wa gatatu mu itsinda ry’igerageza. Imbugita y’amenyo 32 ifata neza imisumeno 2×4 kandi igasiga isuku kandi yemewe yo kurangiza pinusi zifatanye mu gusiga irangi. Ikurikira inkombe y’igiti cy’umutuku kandi nta mitobo ifite kuri plywood ya maple.
Iyi shyo yagenewe gushwanyaguza cyane no gufunga kole. Iyi shyo ifite agace gafite ubugari bwa santimetero 100 n'igice kinini gifite imigozi, kandi amenyo ya karubide ari hejuru ni manini kandi aratyaye cyane. Abakora mu mbaho ​​bakata imbaho ​​zikomeye bagomba kureba iyi shyo. Iyo urukero rukozwe neza, ruzaca imbaho ​​zikomeye kandi rugasiga uduce duto kandi tworoshye bihagije kugira ngo rushyirweho kole.
Amenyo 24 y'icyuma akozwe muri karubide ifite ubucucike bwinshi Floyd yita "umusemburo w'amarira," bivuze ko icyuma kiramba igihe kirekire kandi kikagira imikorere myiza iyo ukata ibiti byoroshye cyangwa bikomeye. Iryinyo rinini cyane rirambuye rituma ubuso burushaho kuba bwiza hatabayeho gusya cyangwa gusimbuza. Igitambaro cya ICE silver kiri ku gice cy'icyuma kibuza bitumen kwirunda mu giti.
Diablo ya Freud iri hagati y’icyuma gikata amenyo n’icyuma gikata amenyo, kandi ni icyuma cyiza cyane gihuza amenyo. Diablo igabanya amenyo yayo 50 mu matsinda 10 y’amenyo 5 buri kimwe. Buri tsinda rigizwe n’amenyo afite impande zirambuye arambuye bihagije kugira ngo ashobore gushwanyagurika mu gihe agumana ubuso bworoshye bwo gukata amenyo. Iki ni cyo cyuma cya kabiri cyoroshye mu itsinda, bityo igiti twagikoresheje cyasize umwuka muke cyane.
Ku bijyanye no gukata uduce duto, imiyoboro minini itandukanya buri gice ifasha gukuraho ibikoresho byinshi kurusha icyuma cyabugenewe cyo kurangiza. Imiyoboro igabanya ubushyuhe ikoreshwa na laser ibuza urusaku n'ihindagurika kugira ngo ikonje kandi igabanye ihindagurika ry'icyuma. Imiyoboro ikoreshwa na laser yo kwagura ubushyuhe ituma icyuma cyaguka bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma gikomeza gukata neza kandi kigororotse. Iyo ihujwe n'icyuma gikozwe na carbide kiramba kandi kidakora neza, iki cyuma gishobora kwihanganira imirimo myinshi yo gukata ameza.
Icyuma cya Concord gikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye gikora neza ku giti cyoroshye ariko kiraramba cyane ku giti cyoroshye. Ku gica gito, ATB ifite imiyoboro minini, amenyo 30 yo gukata no gukata; nta mpamvu yo kureba niba gisize igice gisukuye kuko atari cyo gikoreshwa. Icyo iyi disiki igenewe: Gukata ibiti byoroshye mu nganda aho bakorera. Iyi cyuma cy’ubukorikori cy’ubuhanga mu bwubatsi ni cyiza cyane mu gukata no gukata ibiti byoroshye kugeza kuri santimetero 1.5 z’ubugari n’ibiti byoroshye kugeza kuri santimetero 1.
Yahinze Douglas fir ku muvuduko wa 2×4 nta mutwaro uhagije ku rukero. Rusiga impande zitose, ariko igika cyarwo kigomba kwihisha inyuma y'urukuta. Rukora uko bikwiye kandi rukora neza. Iyo rubaye nk'urudaca, rujugunye hanyuma ugure urundi; Bitewe n'igiciro cyarwo, iyi ni amahitamo meza cyane utazabura gusimbuza.
Uko ibikoresho urimo gukata bifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru cyangwa bikangirika (plywood nto, ibiti bikozwe mu giti na melamine), niko byoroha kubibona, kandi nubwo bidakenewe, bishobora kugorana gusana. Kubwibyo, imiterere y'amenyo y'icyuma isaba kwitabwaho cyane kuri ibi bisobanuro kugira ngo bigabanye ibi bibazo. Plywood nshya ya Freud na melamine ifite amenyo 80, inguni ya dogere 2, imiyoboro migufi n'imiterere miremire yo hejuru isimburana. Nubwo ikata neza kurusha uko icika, iracyacika neza cyane.
Izindi nganda zigezweho, harimo imiyoboro irwanya guhindagurika kw'ubushyuhe n'ipamba ritafata rya Floyd rigabanya ubushyuhe, bifasha koroshya akazi. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni amenyo manini, atyaye cyane kandi akomeye ya carbide - ubwiza nyabwo.
Kumenya icyuma gikwiranye n'ibyo ukeneye bishobora kugorana. Komeza usome kugira ngo umenye icyo ugomba gushaka mbere yo kugura.
Gusobanukirwa uburyo icyuma cy'umukero gihura n'ibikenewe byihariye ni ingenzi cyane mu guhitamo icyuma gikwiye akazi. Dore ubwoko busanzwe bw'icyuma cy'umukero ushobora kugura.
Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo hari ibice bimwe na bimwe bibaho iyo ukoresheje urukero rw'ameza, ibice byinshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe urukero rw'ameza ni ibice bipima uburebure bw'urubaho. Bamwe mu bakora ibiti bakora urukero rw'ameza, ariko akenshi bisaba ibikoresho n'ibikoresho umuntu usanzwe ukora ibiti byo muri garage, DIYer, cyangwa rwiyemezamirimo adakoresha, bityo iki kiganiro cyibanze cyane ku mikorere yo gukuraho urukero.
Abakora bakora ibyuma biciwe mu buryo burambuye kugira ngo bace neza mu giti. Utu duti dufite amenyo menshi. Icyuma gikozwe mu buryo burambuye cya santimetero 10 gishobora kugira amenyo 60 kugeza kuri 80, bigatuma gicamo byinshi kuri buri gikoresho kuruta icyuma gikozwe mu buryo buvanze.
Kubera ko hagati y'amenyo haba hari umwanya muto, icyuma gikata gikuraho ibikoresho bike, bigatuma icyuma gikata neza. Ibi bivuze kandi ko izi mashini zifata igihe kinini kugira ngo zinjire mu giti. Imashini zikata ni zo zihitamo neza mu kurangiza ibiti n'indi mirimo isaba imiterere myiza n'ubuso bunoze.
Ibyuma by'imibavu byagenewe gukata ku giti. Kubera ko byoroshye gukata ukoresheje ingano kuruta kubirwanya, ibi byuma bifite imiterere y'amenyo arambuye agufasha gukuraho vuba imigozi minini y'ibiti. Ibyuma by'imibavu akenshi biba bifite amenyo ari hagati ya 10 na 30, amenyo atyaye afite inguni ya dogere 20 nibura.
Uko amenyo ari make ku cyuma, niko imiyoboro iba minini (umwanya uri hagati y'iryinyo rimwe na rimwe), bigatuma igikoresho cyo gukora gikurwaho vuba. Nubwo iyi miterere ituma imashini zicamo imashini ziba nziza cyane mu gukata imashini, ntabwo ari nziza cyane mu gukata imashini kuko zikora ibiti byinshi cyane (ingano y'ibiti bikurwaho buri gukata). Ubwo bwoko bw'icyuma rimwe na rimwe buba bwiza cyane mu dushami aho hakenewe gukata imashini neza n'inkombe zigororotse cyane, cyangwa, ku rundi ruhande, mu mirimo y'ububaji aho ibikoresho bigomba guhingwa vuba.
Ibyuma bivanze bya Universal na ATB birakwiriye haba mu gukata no gukata, kandi bikunze gukoreshwa ku nsinga za miter n'insinga zo ku meza. Izi nsinga ni ihuriro ry'insinga zivanze n'insinga zica kandi zifite amenyo ari hagati ya 40 na 80. Nubwo zishobora kuba atari zo nsinga nziza zo gukata cyangwa gukata, zishobora gukora imirimo yombi neza.
Kugira ngo umenye vuba amenyo y’uruvange, uzabona amenyo afite umuyoboro muto, hanyuma umuyoboro munini, hanyuma hagakurikiraho amenyo amwe. Amavuta ya ATB aragoye kuyabona, ariko ni yo akunze kugaragara cyane. Imiterere y’amenyo yabo ifatwa n’umuyoboro w’intoki, aho buri ryinyo ryerekeza ku ruhande rumwe cyangwa urundi rw’icyuma, ibumoso, iburyo, ibumoso, iburyo, rihanamye neza ku ruhande rw’icyuma cyangwa, mu gihe cy’icyuma cy’intoki, ku ruhande rw’icyuma cy’intoki.
Uruti rw'imbaho ​​ni icyuma cyihariye gikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro minini mu mbaho ​​kugira ngo gikoreshwe ku dushashi, ku nzugi, ku byuma bishyirwamo no ku dusanduku. Mu gihe izindi nsinga z'umucanga zigizwe n'icyuma gifunganye, insinga z'imbaho ​​zigira imiterere ibiri itandukanye: zishobora gufatishwa hamwe n'izimanikwa.
Ibyuma bifatanye bigizwe n'udukingirizo twinshi n'udukingirizo dufatanye kugira ngo habeho imiterere yagutse. Abakora bashyiraho ibyuma bifatanye bifite amenyo yacitse n'udukingirizo hagati n'udukingirizo inyuma. Ubu buryo butuma icyuma gikuraho ibikoresho byinshi mu gihe gikomeza umurongo woroshye wo gukata ku nkengero z'umuyoboro.
Urushinge ruzunguruka mu buryo bunyuranye, rukata imiyoboro minini iyo ruzunguruka mu giti. Urushinge ruzunguruka rufite icyuma gihindura ubugari bw'urushinge. Nubwo ibyuma bizunguruka bidatanga ubwiza nk'ubw'ibyuma bifite disiki nyinshi, akenshi birahendutse.
Abakora ibikoresho byo mu rugo benshi bakeneye icyuma kimwe cyo guhuza ibikoresho ku bikenewe byose mu mushinga. Icyuma cyo guhuza ibikoresho cyemerera gucika no gukata impande mu gihe gikomeza gusukura impande kugira ngo gihuze n'ibyo umushinga ukeneye. Icyuma cyo guhuza ibikoresho kigabanya ikiguzi cy'inyongera cyo kugura ibyuma byinshi kandi kikagabanya igihe mu gukuraho ikibazo cyo guhinduranya ibyuma hagati y'ibice.
Ibyuma byo gukata, ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo bwa crosscase, n'ibyuma by'ibiti bikozwe mu buryo bw'umwuga kandi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu mishinga myinshi y'ubukorikori bw'imbaho ​​nko mu bikoresho byo mu nzu, mu kabati, no mu byubatswemo. Ababaji banabikoresha mu gukora ibikoresho byo gushushanya cyangwa gukora imitako yihariye nk'inkuta. Ku mirimo isaba gukata cyane, icyuma cyagenewe gukata gishobora kuzigama igihe no kongera amahirwe yo kugera ku musaruro wifuza. Icyuma cya sima nacyo ni cyiza mu gukata imbaho ​​kuko gishobora gukata muri iki gikoresho gikomeye kitarinze gucika vuba.
Nubwo guca imigozi bikorwa cyane cyane hakoreshejwe umukero wa miter, bamwe mu bakora ibiti bahitamo gukoresha umukero wa miter n'uruzitiro ku rukero rw'ameza kugira ngo bateme bimwe na bimwe, cyangwa bagakoresha agakoresho kitwa crosscut sled, bityo komeza icyuma cya crosscut hafi kugira ngo uteme neza cyane, urugero nk'aho uhuza agasanduku. Ibyuma bya crosscut bitanga uburyo bwo guca imigozi isukuye, bigatuma biba byiza mu mirimo yo gukora ibiti isaba gukata neza. Ibyuma byo guca imigozi ni ingenzi ku dushashi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu no ku kabati aho hakenewe imiyoboro.
Inkingi yerekeza ku bunini bw'icyuma n'ingano y'ibikoresho bikurwa ku gikoresho cyo gukata. Uko igicibwa kirushaho kuba kinini, ni ko ibikoresho bikurwaho byinshi. Icyuma cyuzuye gifite ubugari bwa santimetero 1.5. Icyuma cyuzuye kirwanya kunyeganyega no guhindagurika iyo kigenda hejuru y'ibiti; icyakora, bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zituruka ku gikoresho cyo gukata kugira ngo gikore neza.
Inkero nyinshi zo ku meza zishobora gukoresha ibyuma bisanzwe bya santimetero 1.5. Niba ufite icyuma kinini cyo ku meza gifite ingufu ziri munsi ya 3 horsepower, tekereza gukoresha icyuma gifite kerf yoroshye. Mu by'ukuri, cyagenewe iri soko. Niba ukoresha icyuma kinini, tekereza kongeramo icyuma gikomeza gukora (cyane cyane icyuma kinini gifata ku ikarito). Inkero zo ku meza zisaba imbaraga nke, ariko zishobora kunyeganyega cyangwa gusiga ibimenyetso mu gihe cyo gukata.
Inyinshi mu nganda zikora imashini zipima ameza zikoresha ibyuma bya santimetero 30, kuva ku mashini zihendutse zikora isuku kugeza ku nganda zikoresha amadorari ibihumbi. Nubwo zikoreshwa kenshi mu gukora amabati, ntabwo zitwa imashini zipima ameza kubera iyo mpamvu. Ahubwo, moteri n'ishingiro ry'inganda bishyirwa mu kabati k'icyuma kari munsi y'ameza.
Nubwo hariho inkero zo ku meza za santimetero 12, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda. Impamvu ibyuma byo ku meza bishyirwa kuri santimetero 10 ni inkuru iri mu mateka y'ibikoresho, ivuga ku bintu byose kuva ku bukungu kugeza ku byuma kugeza ku ipiganwa ku isoko. Muri make, ecran ya santimetero 10 izahura n'ibyo abantu benshi bakeneye n'ikoranabuhanga riyikoresha. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko inkero nshya zidafite insinga zikoresha ibyuma bito bitewe n'ingufu nto. Buri gihe koresha icyuma gihuye n'ingano y'icyuma cyawe.
Imiterere y'amenyo y'icyuma ifasha mu gutunganya igiti neza. Icyuma cyo hejuru giteye neza cyagenewe gukata buri gihe. Gukata ni ugukata ibiti ku ntera cyangwa uburebure bwabyo. Nubwo ibice byinshi ku cyuma gikata icyuma (cyane cyane icyuma gikata icyuma) ari ugukata icyuma gikata icyuma, ibyuma bikata icyuma by'amenyo bifite impande enye (n'ibice byuzuye) bigira akamaro kanini mu gutanga impande z'icyuma zigororotse kandi zidafite umuyaga.
Izindi nsinga zo muri iki cyiciro zikunze kugira agace ko hejuru gasimburana (iryinyo rimwe rityaye ibumoso, irindi iburyo) cyangwa uruvange rwa ATB n'ingingo kare, nk'uko ubibona ku nsinga zivanze. Insinga zivanze zishobora gukoreshwa haba mu gukata (cyane cyane mu nsinga za miter) no mu gukata (cyane cyane mu nsinga zo ku meza). Insinga zivanze zifite amenyo ane ya ATB n'iryinyo kare cyangwa "rake". Zombi zishobora gukoreshwa mu gukata cyangwa gukata.
Uretse izi mbonerahamwe zisanzwe, hari ibyuma byihariye byo gukata ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye, nka laminate.
Umwobo ni umwanya uri hagati y'iryinyo ryose. Ibi bigira uruhare mu gukuraho ibikoresho neza buri gihe. Utwo duce twagenewe gukuraho ibikoresho vuba, nk'udupira, dufite imiyoboro miremire. Utwo duce twagenewe gukata neza ubusanzwe tugira imiyoboro mito igenewe gutanga imiyoboro yoroshye.
Mu by’ukuri, ikintu kibaho ku rwego rwa mikorosikopi ni uko amenyo agomba gukuraho imyanda nyuma yo gukata igiti. Umwanya izi fishi zifata iyo zimaze gukata ni umwobo. Iyo iryinyo rinyuze mu giti, imbaraga za centrifugal zijugunya imigozi y’igiti mu gisanduku cy’umukungugu cy’ivumbi. Uko umwobo munini, ni ko umwobo mwinshi w’igiti ufata.
Inganda nyinshi zishyira ibyuma byazo mu buryo bw’inyongera kugira ngo zirusheho kuramba no gukora neza—cyane cyane binyuze mu gukuraho ubushyuhe n’ihindagurika ry’imashini, bishobora gutuma amenyo y’ibyuma adakora neza kandi bigasiga ibimenyetso byo guhindagurika ku murongo. Shaka ibyuma bifite imiyoboro irwanya guhindagurika kugira ngo ugabanye guhindagurika guterwa n’ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo kubikoresha.
Nubwo ibyuma byinshi bifite imitwe ya karubide, ibyuma byose bya karubide si ko bingana. Ibyuma byiza cyane bishobora kuba birimo karubide nyinshi kurusha ibyuma by'ubucuruzi. Tekereza gukoresha icyuma kidafata kugira ngo wongere igihe cy'icyuma kandi ugikate vuba.
Mu gihe ufata icyemezo cy'icyuma cy'umukero cyo kugura, hari ibindi bintu ugomba kwitaho kugira ngo urebe neza ko icyuma cyawe kizakorana neza n'icyuma cyawe cy'umukero.
Niba ufite ibibazo bijyanye no guhindura ibyuma, gukata neza, no guhindura aho byaciwe, komeza usome kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ibibazo by'ingenzi ku byuma byo guteka ku meza.
Itoze kugira ingeso zo kwirinda kandi uzikoreshe buri gihe. Ku bikoresho byo gukora bifite ubugari buri munsi ya santimetero 1.5, buri gihe koresha inkoni yo gusunika. Ntugahatire umuntu gukoresha igikoresho. Imura ukuboko kwawe kw'iburyo ku ruzitiro kugira ngo kutagera ku cyuma, kandi ntugahatire ko ukuboko kwawe kw'ibumoso kurenga inkombe z'ameza.
Kugira ngo uhindure icyuma gifata imisatsi yo ku meza, kuraho isahani yo mu muhogo, kuzamura icyuma kugeza ku rundi ruhande, hanyuma ukoreshe icyuma gifata imisatsi yo ku muhogo n'urufunguzo rwo ku muhogo (ubusanzwe bibikwa munsi y'igikoresho kiri iburyo) kugira ngo urekure icyuma kiri ku muhogo (ku kuboko kw'ibumoso). -Lucy). Kuraho witonze icyuma gifata imisatsi yo ku muhogo n'icyuma gifata imisatsi yo ku muhogo, hanyuma ukureho icyuma ugisimbuze, urebe neza ko amenyo yerekeza mu cyerekezo gikwiye (agana aho uri).
Tangira upfunya ibyuma n'ibice bigabanya uburebure kugeza ku bugari bw'umuyoboro ushaka gukora. Menya neza ko ushyira ibice bigabanya uburebure n'ibice bigabanya uburebure imbere mu gipfunyika, hanyuma ushyireho icyuma gikata inyuma. Shyiramo icyuma nk'icyuma gisanzwe hanyuma uhindure uburebure kugira ngo ugere ku burebure wifuza bwo gukata.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-26-2023