Igihembwe gishize, Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, ku bufatanye n’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo, basohoye itangazo rihuriweho mu kubungabunga umutekano w’igihugu n’inyungu mu gihe basohoza inshingano mpuzamahanga zo kudakwirakwiza. Byemejwe n'Inama ya Leta, hashyizweho ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku bikoresho bijyanye na tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, na indium. By'umwihariko, kugenzurwa nibikoresho bifitanye isano na tungsten birimo ammonium paratungstate, okiside ya tungsten, karbide zimwe na zimwe zitagenzurwa na tungsten, uburyo bwihariye bwa tungsten ikomeye (ukuyemo granules cyangwa ifu), tungsten-nikel-fer cyangwa tungsten-nikel-umuringa, hamwe namakuru hamwe nikoranabuhanga bisabwa kugirango bikore ibintu 7C, 1C. Abakora ibicuruzwa bose bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu cya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa n’amabwiriza yerekeye kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikoreshwa mu buryo bubiri, gusaba no kubona ibyangombwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’inzego z’ubucuruzi zibifitiye ububasha z’Inama y’igihugu. Iri tangazo ritangira gukurikizwa ako kanya kandi rivugurura urutonde rwo kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ibintu bibiri-bikoreshwa muri Repubulika y’Ubushinwa.
I. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Tungsten
- 1C117.d. Ibikoresho bifitanye isano na Tungsten:
- Amonium paratungstate (Kode ya HS: 2841801000);
- Tungsten oxyde (Kode ya HS: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- Tungsten karbide ntabwo igenzurwa munsi ya 1C226 (Kode ya HS: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. Tungsten ikomeye hamwe nibintu byose bikurikira bikurikira:
- Tungsten ikomeye (ukuyemo granules cyangwa ifu) hamwe nimwe muribi bikurikira:
- Amavuta ya tungsten cyangwa tungsten arimo tungsten ≥97% kuburemere, ntibigenzurwa munsi ya 1C226 cyangwa 1C241 (Kode ya HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Amavuta ya Tungsten-umuringa arimo tungsten ≥80% kuburemere (Kode ya HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Tungsten-silver ivanze hamwe na tungsten ≥80% hamwe na feza ≥2% kuburemere (Kode ya HS: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Birashoboka gutunganyirizwa murimwe muribi bikurikira:
- Cilinders ifite diameter mm 120 mm n'uburebure bwa mm 50;
- Imiyoboro ifite diameter y'imbere ≥ 65 mm, uburebure bw'urukuta mm 25 mm, n'uburebure ≥50 mm;
- Inzitizi zifite ubunini ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. Tungsten-Nickel-Iron cyangwa Tungsten-Nickel-Umuringa wavanze hamwe nibintu byose bikurikira bikurikira:
- Ubucucike> 17.5 g / cm³;
- Gutanga imbaraga> 800 MPa;
- Ultimate tensile strength> 1270 MPa;
- Kurambura> 8% (Kode ya HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Ikoranabuhanga hamwe namakuru yo kubyara ibintu munsi ya 1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (harimo ibisobanuro byerekana inzira, ibipimo, na gahunda yo gutunganya).
II. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Tellurium
- 6C002.a. Metallic Tellurium (Kode ya HS: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Igicuruzwa kimwe cyangwa Polycrystalline Tellurium Ibicuruzwa bivangwa (harimo substrate cyangwa epitaxial wafers):
- Cadmium telluride (Kode ya HS: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- Cadmium zinc telluride (Kode ya HS: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- Merkuri kadmium telluride (Kode ya HS: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Ikoranabuhanga hamwe namakuru yo kubyara ibintu munsi ya 6C002 (harimo ibisobanuro birambuye, ibipimo, na gahunda yo gutunganya).
III. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Bismuth
- 6C001.a. Ibyuma bya Bismuth n'ibicuruzwa bitagenzuwe munsi ya 1C229, harimo ariko ntibigarukira gusa kuri ingots, blok, amasaro, granules, na poro (Kode ya HS: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 8106109090, 8106901019, 8106901029, 8106901099).
- 6C001.b. Ikidage cya Bismuth (Kode ya HS: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. Triphenylbismuth (Kode ya HS: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris (p-ethoxyphenyl) bismuth (Kode ya HS: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Ikoranabuhanga hamwe namakuru yo kubyara ibintu munsi ya 6C001 (harimo ibisobanuro birambuye, ibipimo, na gahunda yo gutunganya).
IV. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Molybdenum
- 1C117.b. Ifu ya Molybdenum: Molybdenum hamwe nuduce duto duto twa molybdenum ≥97% kuburemere nubunini bwa ≤50 × 10⁻⁶ m (50 mm), bikoreshwa mugukora misile (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Ikoranabuhanga hamwe namakuru yo kubyara ibintu munsi ya 1C117.b (harimo ibisobanuro birambuye, ibipimo, na gahunda yo gutunganya).
V. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Indium
- 3C004.a. Indium Fosifide (Kode ya HS: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. Trimethylindium (Kode ya HS: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. Triethylindium (Kode ya HS: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Ikoranabuhanga hamwe namakuru yo kubyara ibintu munsi ya 3C004 (harimo ibisobanuro birambuye, ibipimo, na gahunda yo gutunganya).
Igenzura rya Tungsten ryohereza hanze ntabwo ribujijwe byuzuye
Kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ntibisobanura guhagarika ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ariko bikubiyemo ingamba zisanzwe zo gucunga ibintu bijyanye na tungsten. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gusaba uruhushya rutangwa n’inzego z’ubucuruzi zibifitiye ububasha z’Inama ya Leta hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’amabwiriza agenga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa byemewe gusa iyo byubahirijwe kandi byemewe.
Ingaruka zishobora kuba ku isoko ryimbere mu Gihugu
Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe na Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Business Platform, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide, na karubide ya tungsten bifite uruhare runini mu bicuruzwa byose byoherezwa mu mahanga:
- Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe na APT mu 2023 na 2024 byari hafi toni 803 na toni 782, kimwekimwe cyose kikaba kingana na 4% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
- Tungsten trioxide yoherejwe hanze yari toni 2,699 muri 2023 na toni 3,190 mu 2024, ziva kuri 14% zigera kuri 17% byoherezwa mu mahanga.
- Tungsten yoherezwa mu mahanga yari toni 4.433 muri 2023 na toni 4.147 mu 2024, ikomeza umugabane wa 22%.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya tungsten yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bizashyira ibyo bintu mu buryo bunoze bwo kugenzura no kwemeza, bikaba byagira ingaruka ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Nyamara, urebye umugabane ugereranije ugereranije nibi bicuruzwa byagenzuwe mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byose, ingaruka rusange ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bikenerwa n’ibiciro byitezwe ko ari bike. Iyi politiki irashobora kandi gushishikariza ibigo kwibanda ku guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo birusheho kuba byiza isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga.
Akamaro k'ingamba za Tungsten
Ahantu hejuru ya Tungsten, gushonga, gukomera, no kurwanya ruswa bituma iba ingenzi mu nganda zisi. Mu gukora ibyuma, tungsten yongerera imbaraga, gukomera, no kwambara birwanya, bikoreshwa cyane mumashini nubwubatsi. Muri elegitoroniki, ni ibikoresho byingenzi bigize ibice, imiyoboro ikomatanya, hamwe na filime gakondo. Mu kirere, tungsten alloys ni ingenzi cyane kuri moteri ya moteri na roketi, bifasha ubushakashatsi mu kirere. Mu bya gisirikare, amavuta ya tungsten ni ingenzi cyane mu kurasa imbunda, ibikoresho bya misile, hamwe n’intwaro, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw’ingabo z’igihugu. Kugenzura itangwa rya tungsten rihamye mu gihugu ni ngombwa ku mutekano w’igihugu.
Ingaruka ngufi- nigihe kirekire
Mu gihe gito, kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizagabanya Ubushinwa butanga isoko ku masoko y’isi, bikaba bishobora guhungabanya ibicuruzwa bimaze igihe bitangwa n’ibisabwa ndetse no kuzamura ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya tungsten kuzamuka bitewe n’ibikenewe bikabije. Mu gihe kirekire, ubwo bugenzuzi buzatera imbere mu kuzamura inganda, gushishikariza ishoramari R&D, gukoresha neza umutungo, no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini kugira ngo Ubushinwa bugire uruhare mu nganda za tungsten.
Ibarurishamibare rya Tungsten
Nk’uko USGS ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2023 ibigega bya tungsten ku isi byari hafi toni miliyoni 4.4, byiyongereyeho 15.79% umwaka ushize, naho Ubushinwa bungana na 52.27% (toni miliyoni 2.3). Umusaruro wa tungsten ku isi wari toni 78.000, wagabanutseho 2,26%, Ubushinwa bwatanze 80.77% (toni 63.000). Imibare ya gasutamo y'Ubushinwa yerekana ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga, birimo amabuye ya tungsten, aside tungstic, tungsten trioxide, karbide ya tungsten, n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya tungsten. Mu 2024, Ubushinwa bwohereje toni 782.41 za APT (zagabanutseho 2,53%, 4.06% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga), toni 3,189.96 za tungsten trioxide (ziyongereyeho 18.19%, 16.55% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga), na toni 4.146.76 za karubide ya tungsten (yagabanutseho 6.46%, 21.52%).
CHENGDU HUAXIN CEMENTED CARBIDE CO., LTD ni isoko ryumwuga kandi ikora ibicuruzwa bya karubide ya tungsten, nka karbide yinjizamo ibyuma byo gukora ibiti, ibyuma bya karbide bizunguruka itabi & inkoni zungurura itabi, icyuma kizengurutsa amakarito, udufuniko twa firime, udupapuro twa pisine. ku nganda z’imyenda nibindi
Hamwe niterambere ryimyaka 25, ibicuruzwa byacu byoherejwe muri Amerika A, Uburusiya, Amerika yepfo, Ubuhinde, Turukiya, Pakisitani, Ositaraliya, Amajyepfo yAmajyepfo ya Aziya nibindi hamwe nibiciro byiza kandi birushanwe, Imyitwarire yacu ikomeye yo gukora no kwitabira byemewe nabakiriya bacu. Turashaka gushiraho umubano mushya mubucuruzi nabakiriya bashya.
Twandikire uyu munsi uzishimira inyungu nziza na serivisi ziva mubicuruzwa byacu!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-04-2025
