Mu gihembwe gishize, Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi, ifatanyije n’Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwa Gasutamo, batanze itangazo rihuriweho ryo kurinda umutekano w’igihugu n’inyungu zacyo mu gihe cyo gusohoza inshingano mpuzamahanga zo kudakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa. Inama Njyanama yemeje, hashyizweho ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ku bikoresho bifitanye isano na tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, na indium. By’umwihariko, ibikoresho bigenzurwa na tungsten birimo ammonium paratungstate, oxyde tungsten, karubide zimwe na zimwe za tungsten zidagenzurwa, ubwoko bwihariye bwa tungsten ikomeye (hatarimo granules cyangwa ifu), aloyide yihariye ya tungsten-nickel-fer cyangwa tungsten-nickel-copper, hamwe n’amakuru n’ikoranabuhanga bisabwa mu gukora ibintu hakurikijwe amategeko yihariye (1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d). Abakora ibyo bikoresho bose bohereza mu mahanga bagomba kubahiriza Itegeko ryo Kugenzura Kohereza mu mahanga rya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa n’Amabwiriza agenga Kohereza mu mahanga ibintu bikoreshwa inshuro ebyiri, gusaba no kubona uruhushya rwo kohereza mu mahanga ku nzego zibifitiye ububasha z’ubucuruzi z’Inama Njyanama. Iri tangazo rihita ritangira gukurikizwa kandi rivugurura Urutonde rw'Igenzura ryo Kohereza mu mahanga ry'Ibicuruzwa Bikoreshwa Kabiri byo mu Gihugu cy'Ubushinwa.
I. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Tungsten
- 1C117.d. Ibikoresho bifitanye isano na Tungsten:
- Ammonium paratungstate (Kode ya HS: 2841801000);
- Oxyde za Tungsten (Kode za HS: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- Karubide za Tungsten ntizigenzurwa hakurikijwe 1C226 (HS Code: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. Tungsten ikomeye ifite ibi bikurikira byose:
- Tungsten ikomeye (hatarimo utunyangingo cyangwa ifu) hamwe n'ibi bikurikira:
- Udupira twa tungsten cyangwa tungsten dufite uburemere bwa tungsten ≥97%, tudagenzurwa munsi ya 1C226 cyangwa 1C241 (HS Codes: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Aloyi za tungsten-umuringa zifite uburemere bwa tungsten ≥80% (Amakode ya HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Udupira twa tungsten-ifeza dufite ubunini bwa tungsten ≥80% n'ubunini bwa feza ≥2% (HS Codes: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Ishobora gushyirwa muri kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:
- Silindari zifite umurambararo wa ≥120 mm n'uburebure bwa ≥50 mm;
- Imiyoboro ifite umurambararo w'imbere ≥ mm 65, ubugari bw'urukuta ≥ mm 25, n'uburebure ≥ mm 50;
- Amakarito afite ingano ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. Aloyi za Tungsten-Nickel-Iron cyangwa Tungsten-Nickel-Copper zifite ibiranga byose bikurikira:
- Ubucucike >17.5 g/cm³;
- Ingufu z'umusaruro >800 MPa;
- Ingufu zo gukurura cyane >1270 MPa;
- Uburebure >8% (Amakode ya HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Ikoranabuhanga n'amakuru yo gukora ibintu biri munsi ya 1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (harimo ibipimo by'imikorere, ibipimo, na gahunda zo gukora).
II. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Tellurium
- 6C002.a. Metallic Tellurium (Kode ya HS: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Ibicuruzwa bya Tellurium Compound imwe cyangwa Polycrystalline (harimo substrates cyangwa epitaxial wafers):
- Kadiyumu telluride (Kode za HS: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- Kadiyumu zinc telluride (HS Codes: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- Mercury cadmium telluride (HS Codes: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Ikoranabuhanga n'amakuru yo gukora ibintu biri munsi ya 6C002 (harimo ibipimo by'imikorere, ibipimo, na gahunda zo gukora).
III. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Bismuth
- 6C001.a. Bismuth y'icyuma n'ibicuruzwa ntibigenzurwa hakurikijwe 1C229, harimo ariko ntibigarukira ku biti, uduce, amasaro, uduce duto, n'ifu (HS Codes: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 8106109090, 8106901019, 8106901029, 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. Bismuth Germanate (Kode ya HS: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. Triphenylbismuth (Kode ya HS: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (Kode ya HS: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Ikoranabuhanga n'amakuru yo gukora ibintu biri munsi ya 6C001 (harimo ibipimo by'imikorere, ibipimo, na gahunda zo gukora).
IV. Ibintu bifitanye isano na molybdenum
- 1C117.b. Ifu ya Molybdenum: Uduce twa Molybdenum n'utw'aloyi dufite molybdenum ≥97% ukurikije uburemere n'ingano y'uduce ≤50×10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), dukoreshwa mu gukora ibice bya misile (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Ikoranabuhanga n'amakuru yo gukora ibintu biri munsi ya 1C117.b (harimo ibipimo by'imikorere, ibipimo, na gahunda zo gukora).
V. Ibintu bifitanye isano na Indium
- 3C004.a. Indium Phosphide (Kode ya HS: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. Trimethylindium (Kode ya HS: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. Triethylindium (Kode ya HS: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Ikoranabuhanga n'amakuru yo gukora ibintu biri munsi ya 3C004 (harimo ibipimo by'imikorere, ibipimo, na gahunda zo gukora).
Kugenzura kohereza ibicuruzwa bya Tungsten mu mahanga si itegeko ribuza burundu
Kugenzura kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bya Tungsten ntibisobanura guhagarika burundu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ahubwo bikubiyemo ingamba zisanzwe zo gucunga ibintu byihariye bifitanye isano na Tungsten. Abatumiza ibi bintu mu mahanga bagomba gusaba uruhushya ku nzego zibishinzwe z'ubucuruzi z'Inama ya Leta hakurikijwe Itegeko ryo Kugenzura Kohereza Ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n'Amabwiriza agenga Kohereza Ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bikoreshwa inshuro ebyiri. Kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byemerewe gusa iyo byemewe kandi byemejwe.
Ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu
Dukurikije amakuru aturuka kuri Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform, kohereza hanze ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide, na tungsten carbide bigira uruhare runini mu kohereza hanze kwa tungsten:
- Ibicuruzwa bya APT byoherejwe mu mahanga mu 2023 na 2024 byari toni zigera kuri 803 na toni 782, buri kimwe kikaba cyaragize hafi 4% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose bya tungsten.
- Tungsten trioxide yoherejwe mu mahanga yari toni zigera ku 2.699 mu 2023 na toni 3.190 mu 2024, izamuka kuva kuri 14% kugera kuri 17% by'ibyoherejwe mu mahanga byose.
- Tungsten carbide yoherejwe mu mahanga yari toni zigera ku 4.433 mu 2023 na toni 4.147 mu 2024, igumana umugabane wa hafi 22%.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’igenzura ry’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya tungsten rizashyira ibi bintu mu igenzura rikomeye no kubigenzura, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa bya bamwe mu bohereza mu mahanga. Ariko, bitewe n’uko ibi bicuruzwa bigenzurwa ari bike mu byoherezwa mu mahanga byose bya tungsten, ingaruka rusange ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ku bijyanye n’ibiciro n’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’ibiciro bizamuka biteganijwe ko bizaba bike. Iyi politiki ishobora kandi gushishikariza ibigo kwibanda ku guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bihuze neza n’ibyo isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu n’iry’amahanga risaba.
Akamaro k'ingenzi ka Tungsten
Kuba Tungsten ishonga cyane, ubukana bwayo, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara ibintu, no kurwanya ingese bituma iba ingenzi cyane mu nganda mpuzamahanga. Mu gukora ibyuma, tungsten yongera imbaraga, gukomera no kudashira, bikoreshwa cyane mu mashini no mu bwubatsi. Mu by'ikoranabuhanga, ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi ku bice, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ivanze, n'imigozi gakondo. Mu by'indege, aloyi za tungsten ni ingenzi ku nsinga za moteri n'imizingo ya roketi, bifasha mu bushakashatsi bw'ikirere. Mu bya gisirikare, aloyi za tungsten ni ingenzi mu gutobora ibisasu bya elegitoroniki, ibice bya misile, n'intwaro, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'ingabo z'igihugu. Kugenzura ko tungsten iboneka mu gihugu neza ni ingenzi ku mutekano w'igihugu.
Ingaruka z'igihe gito n'igihe kirekire
Mu gihe gito, kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizagabanya umusaruro wa tungsten mu Bushinwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bishobora kubangamira uburinganire bw'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe kuva kera, ndetse binazamure ibiciro bya tungsten ku rwego mpuzamahanga bitewe n'ibikenewe bikomeye. Mu gihe kirekire, ibi bigenzura bizamura inganda, bishishikarize ishoramari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, ikoreshwa ry'umutungo neza, no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye kugira ngo byongere imbaraga z'Ubushinwa mu nganda za tungsten.
Imibare ya Tungsten ku Isi
Nk’uko USGS ibivuga, ububiko bwa tungsten ku isi mu 2023 bwari toni miliyoni 4.4, bwiyongereyeho 15.79% ugereranyije n’umwaka, aho Ubushinwa bwari bufite 52.27% (toni miliyoni 2.3). Umusaruro wa tungsten ku isi wari toni 78.000, wagabanutseho 2.26%, aho Ubushinwa bwagize 80.77% (toni 63.000). Amakuru yerekeye gasutamo y’Abashinwa agaragaza ko tungsten yoherezwa mu mahanga itandukanye, harimo amabuye y’agaciro ya tungsten, aside tungstic, trioxide ya tungsten, karubide ya tungsten, n’ibindi bicuruzwa bitandukanye bya tungsten. Mu 2024, Ubushinwa bwohereje mu mahanga toni 782.41 za APT (kugabanuka kwa 2.53%, 4.06% by’ibyoherejwe mu mahanga byose), toni 3,189.96 za trioxide ya tungsten (kuzamuka kwa 18.19%, 16.55% by’ibyoherejwe mu mahanga byose), na toni 4,146.76 za karubide ya tungsten (kugabanuka kwa 6.46%, 21.52% by’ibyoherejwe mu mahanga byose).
CHENGDU HUAXIN CENTED CARBIDE CO., LTD ni uruganda rw’umwuga rukora ibikoresho bya karubide bya tungsten, nk’ibyuma bikoreshwa mu kubaza imbaho, ibyuma bizengurutse bya karubide byo gukata inkoni z’itabi n’itabi, ibyuma bizengurutse byo gukata ikarito ifite imyobo itatu, ibyuma byo gupakira, kaseti, gukata firime nto, ibyuma byo gukata fibre byo mu nganda z’imyenda n’ibindi.
Nyuma y'imyaka irenga 25 y'iterambere, ibicuruzwa byacu byoherejwe muri Amerika A, Uburusiya, Amerika y'Epfo, Ubuhinde, Turukiya, Pakisitani, Ositaraliya, Aziya y'Amajyepfo n'ahandi. Kubera ibiciro byiza kandi bishimishije, imyumvire yacu yo gukora cyane no kwita ku byo dukora byemejwe n'abakiriya bacu. Kandi twifuza gushyiraho umubano mushya w'ubucuruzi n'abakiriya bashya.
Twandikire uyu munsi maze uzishimira ibyiza by'ubwiza n'imirimo myiza biva mu bicuruzwa byacu!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-04-2025
