Ngwino wige ibijyanye na HSS
Icyuma cyihuta cyane (HSS) ni icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma gifite ubukana bwinshi, kidasaza cyane kandi kidashyuha cyane, kizwi kandi nk'icyuma gishyushye cyangwa icyuma gityaye, bivuze ko gikomera nubwo cyakonjeshwa mu kirere mu gihe cyo kuzimya kandi kikaba gityaye. Kinatwa icyuma cy'umweru.
Icyuma cyihuta cyane ni icyuma cy’ubutare gifite imiterere igoye irimo ibintu bikora karuboni nka tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium na cobalt. Ingano yose y’ibintu biteranya igera kuri 10 kugeza kuri 25%. Ishobora kugumana ubukomere bwinshi mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi (hafi 500℃) mu gukata umuvuduko mwinshi, HRC ishobora kuba hejuru ya 60. Iki ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi kiranga HSS - ubukomere bw’umutuku. Kandi icyuma cy’ibikoresho bya karuboni binyuze mu kuzimya no gushyushya ubushyuhe buke, mu bushyuhe bw’icyumba, nubwo hari ubukomere bwinshi cyane, ariko iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 200 ℃, ubukomere buzagabanuka cyane, muri ubu bukomere bwa 500 ℃ bwagabanutse ku rugero rumwe n’ubukomere bwa annealed, yatakaje burundu ubushobozi bwo gukata icyuma, ibyo bikaba bigabanya ibikoresho byo gukata icyuma bya karuboni. Kandi icyuma cyihuta cyane bitewe n’ubukomere bwiza bw’umutuku, kugira ngo isubize ingaruka mbi z’icyuma cy’ibikoresho bya karuboni.
Icyuma cyihuta cyane gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibikoresho byo gukata ibyuma bito kandi bidashobora gucika, ariko kandi gikoreshwa no mu gukora ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibicanwa bikonje, nk'ibikoresho byo guhindukira, imashini zitobora, amashyiga, ibyuma bipima imashini n'ibicanwa bikomeye.
Ngwino wige ibijyanye n'icyuma cya tungsten
Icyuma cya tungsten (carbide) gifite imiterere myiza cyane nko gukomera cyane, kudashira, gukomera no gukomera kurushaho, kudashira ubushyuhe, kudashira, nibindi. Cyane cyane gukomera kwacyo no kudashira ntibihinduka nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bwa dogere 500, kandi kiracyafite gukomera cyane kuri dogere 1000.
Ibyuma bya tungsten, ibice byabyo by'ingenzi ari tungsten carbide na cobalt, bingana na 99% by'ibice byose na 1% by'ibindi byuma, bityo byitwa tungsten steel, izwi kandi nka sima carbide, kandi bifatwa nk'amenyo y'inganda za none.
Ibyuma bya Tungsten ni ibikoresho bivanze birimo nibura imiterere imwe ya karubide y'icyuma. Karubide ya Tungsten, karubide ya cobalt, karubide ya niobium, karubide ya titanium, na karubide ya tantalum ni bimwe mu bigize icyuma cya tungsten. Ingano y'ibice bya karubide (cyangwa phase) isanzwe iri hagati ya mikoroni 0.2-10, kandi ibice bya karubide bihuzwa hamwe hakoreshejwe icyuma gifunga. Ibyuma bihuza muri rusange ni ibyuma byo mu itsinda ry'icyuma, akenshi ni cobalt na nikeli. Bityo hari aloyi za tungsten-cobalt, aloyi za tungsten-nikeli na aloyi za tungsten-titanium-cobalt.
Gutunganya sinter ya tungsten ni ugukanda ifu mu gikoresho cyo gutwika, hanyuma ukayishyira mu itanura rishyushya kugeza ku bushyuhe runaka (ubushyuhe bwo gutwika) hanyuma ukayigumana igihe runaka (igihe cyo kuyihagarika), hanyuma ukayikonjesha kugira ngo ibikoresho bya tungsten bibone imiterere ikenewe.
①Tungsten na cobalt sima carbide
Igice cy'ingenzi ni tungsten carbide (WC) na binder cobalt (Co). Icyiciro kigizwe na "YG" (“cobalt ikomeye” muri Hanyu Pinyin) n'ijanisha ry'ikigereranyo cya cobalt. Urugero, YG8, bivuze ko impuzandengo ya WCo = 8% naho igisigaye ni tungsten carbide sima.
②Tungsten, titanium na cobalt sima carbide
Ibice by'ingenzi ni tungsten carbide, titanium carbide (TiC) na cobalt. Ingano igizwe na "YT" (“ikomeye, titanium” muri Hanyu Pinyin) n'ikigereranyo cy'ingano ya titanium carbide. Urugero, YT15, bivuze impuzandengo ya TiC=15%, igisigaye ni tungsten carbide na cobalt ingano ya tungsten titanium cobalt carbide.
③Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) karubide
Ibice by'ingenzi ni tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide (cyangwa niobium carbide) na cobalt. Ubwo bwoko bwa karubide bunatwa karubide ikoreshwa muri rusange cyangwa karubide isanzwe. Ingano igizwe na "YW" ("ikomeye" na "miliyoni" muri Hanyu Pinyin) hamwe n'umubare ukurikiranye, nka YW1.
Ibyuma bya Tungsten bifite imiterere myiza cyane nko gukomera cyane, kudasaza neza, gukomera no gukomera kurushaho, kudasaza neza, kudasaza neza, nibindi. Cyane cyane gukomera kwayo no kudasaza neza ntibihinduka nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bwa dogere 500, kandi biracyafite gukomera cyane kuri dogere 1000. Carbide ikoze muri sima ikoreshwa cyane nk'ibikoresho, nko gucuragura, ibikoresho byo gusya, imashini zitobora, ibikoresho byo gutobora, nibindi. Umuvuduko wo gukata wa carbide nshya ungana n'inshuro amagana z'icyuma cya karuboni.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 21 Gashyantare 2023
