Ibiti bisanzwe nicyuma byabaye ibikoresho byingenzi byubaka abantu mumyaka ibihumbi. Polimeri yubukorikori twita plastike ni igihangano giherutse guturika mu kinyejana cya 20.
Byombi ibyuma na plastiki bifite imitungo ikwiranye nogukoresha inganda nubucuruzi. Ibyuma birakomeye, birakomeye, kandi mubisanzwe birashobora kwihanganira ikirere, amazi, ubushyuhe, hamwe nihungabana rihoraho.Nyamara, birasaba kandi ibikoresho byinshi (bivuze ko bihenze) kubyara no gutunganya ibicuruzwa byabo.Plastique itanga bimwe mubikorwa byibyuma mugihe bisaba ibintu byinshi byububiko.ibikoresho bya plastike birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bworoshye. ntabwo ari ikintu cyiza, kandi ntamuntu numwe wifuza gutura munzu ya plastiki. Byongeye kandi, akenshi usanga binonosorwa mumavuta ya fosile.
Mubisabwa bimwe, ibiti bisanzwe birashobora guhangana nicyuma na plastiki. Amazu menshi yumuryango yubatswe ku mbaho zimbaho.Ikibazo nuko inkwi karemano yoroshye cyane kandi yangijwe cyane namazi kuburyo idashobora gusimbuza plastiki nicyuma igihe kinini.Impapuro ziherutse gusohoka mu kinyamakuru Matter zirasesengura ishyirwaho ryibikoresho bikomye bikabije bikarenga izo mbogamizi.
Imiterere ya fibrous yimbaho igizwe na selile hafi 50%, polymer karemano ifite imbaraga zingirakamaro muburyo bwiza.Igice gisigaye cyububiko bwibiti ni lignin na hemicellulose.Mu gihe selulose ikora fibre ndende, ikomeye itanga ibiti hamwe numugongo wimbaraga zayo karemano, hemicellulose ifite imiterere ihuza imbaraga hamwe na selile itanga imbaraga zingirakamaro. intego yabantu yo guteranya ibiti no guhambira fibre selile, hamwe na lignin yabaye inzitizi.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, ibiti bisanzwe byakozwe mu biti bikomye (HW) mu ntambwe enye. Ubwa mbere, inkwi zitekwa muri sodium hydroxide na sodium sulfate kugira ngo ukureho zimwe na zimwe za hemicellulose na lignine.Nyuma yo kuvura imiti, inkwi ziba nyinshi mu kuyikanda mu icapiro amasaha menshi ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba. kotsa igitutu kuri 105 ° C (221 ° F) andi masaha make kugirango urangize densifike, hanyuma ukumishwa. Amaherezo, inkwi zinjizwa mumavuta yubutare mumasaha 48 kugirango ibicuruzwa byarangiye bitirinda amazi.
Umutungo umwe wubukanishi bwibikoresho byubatswe ni ubukana bwa indentation, ni igipimo cyubushobozi bwacyo bwo kurwanya ihindagurika iyo ukandagiye ku mbaraga.Diyamoni irakomeye kuruta ibyuma, irakomeye kuruta zahabu, irakomeye kuruta inkwi. imbaraga. Gupima umurambararo wa diameter yerekana uruziga rwakozwe n'umupira. Agaciro gakomeye ka Brinell kabarwa ukoresheje formulaire y'imibare; bivuze hafi, nini umwobo umupira ukubita, woroshye ibikoresho.Muri iki kizamini, HW ikubye inshuro 23 kuruta ibiti bisanzwe.
Ibiti byinshi bitavuwe neza bizakurura amazi.Ibi birashobora kwagura inkwi hanyuma amaherezo bikangiza imiterere yabyo.Abanditsi bakoresheje minerval yiminsi ibiri kugirango bongere amazi ya HW, bituma irushaho kuba hydrophobique ("gutinya amazi"). Ikizamini cya hydrophobicity kirimo gushyira igitonyanga cyamazi hejuru yubutaka. ukuboko, gukwirakwiza ibitonyanga neza (hanyuma bigahita bikurura amazi byoroshye) .Nuko rero, gushiramo amabuye y'agaciro ntabwo byongera cyane hydrophobicity ya HW, ahubwo binarinda inkwi kwinjiza amazi.
Mu bizamini bimwe na bimwe byubuhanga, ibyuma bya HW byakozwe neza cyane kuruta ibyuma.Abanditsi bavuga ko icyuma cya HW gikubye inshuro eshatu nkicyuma kiboneka mu bucuruzi.Nyamara, hariho caveat kuri iki gisubizo gishimishije. Abashakashatsi bagereranya ibyuma byo kumeza, cyangwa icyo twakwita ibyuma byamavuta.Ibyo ntibigamije gukata cyane icyuma gishobora gukata icyuma gikomeye. icyuma, nicyuma cya stak cyakora neza cyane.
Tuvuge iki ku nzara? Umusumari umwe wa HW urashobora kugaragara ko ushobora guhomwa mu buryo bworoshye mu kibaho cy'imbaho eshatu, nubwo zidasobanutse neza kuko ari ubworoherane ugereranije n'imisumari y'icyuma. Urumambo rudodo rushobora noneho gufata imbaho hamwe, rukarwanya imbaraga zabavunagura, hamwe n'ubukomezi bumwe nk'urumambo rw'icyuma. Mu bizamini byabo, ariko, imbaho zombi zananiwe mbere yuko imisumari ikananirwa, bityo.
Ese imisumari ya HW irusha ubundi buryo? Udukoni twibiti tworoheje, ariko uburemere bwimiterere ntabwo ahanini butwarwa nimbaga yimigozi ifata hamwe.Imambo yimyenda ntishobora kubora.Nyamara, ntabwo izaba ibangamiye amazi cyangwa biodecompose.
Ntagushidikanya ko umwanditsi yateguye inzira yo gutuma inkwi zikomera kuruta ibiti bisanzwe.Nyamara, akamaro k'ibyuma kumurimo runaka bisaba ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.Bishobora kuba bihendutse kandi bidafite amikoro make nka plastiki? Birashobora guhatanwa nibintu bikomeye, bikurura, bikoreshwa cyane bitarondoreka? Ubushakashatsi bwabo butera ibibazo bishimishije. Ubwubatsi bukomeza (kandi amaherezo isoko) buzabasubiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-13-2022
