Iserukiramuco ry'ubwato bw'ikiyoka

ItsindaIserukiramuco ry'ubwato bw'ikiyoka(Igishinwa cyoroshye: 端午节;Igishinwa gakondo: 端午節) ni umunsi mukuru gakondo w'Abashinwa uba ku munsi wa gatanu w'ukwezi kwa gatanu kwaKalendari y'Abashinwa, bihuye n'indwi mu mpera za Gicurasi cyangwa Kamena muKalendari ya Gregori.

Izina ry'icyongereza ry'uyu munsi mukuru niIserukiramuco ry'ubwato bw'ikiyoka, ikoreshwa nk'ubuhinduzi bwemewe bw'icyongereza bw'uyu munsi mukuru na Repubulika y'Abaturage y'Ubushinwa. Nanone mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe z'Icyongereza ivugwamo koIserukiramuco rya Kabiri rya Gatanubivuga ku itariki nk'uko biri mu izina ry'umwimerere ry'Igishinwa.

Amazina y'Igishinwa hakurikijwe akarere

Duanwu(Igishinwa: 端午;pinyin:duānwǔ), nk'uko iserukiramuco ryitwa muriIgishinwa cya Mandarin, bisobanura mu buryo bw'umwimerere “ifarashi itangira/ifungura”, ni ukuvuga “umunsi w’ifarashi” wa mbere (nk'uko bivugwaZodiac y'Abashinwa/Kalendari y'Abashinwasisitemu) kubaho ku kwezi; icyakora, nubwo ibisobanuro byanditse ariwǔ"[Umunsi w'ifarashi] mu ruziga rw'inyamaswa", iyi mico nayo yasobanuwe mu buryo bunyuranye nkawǔ(Igishinwa: 五;pinyin:wǔ) bisobanura “itanu”. Bityo reroDuanwu, "umunsi mukuru ku munsi wa gatanu w'ukwezi kwa gatanu".

Izina ry'igishinwa izina rya Mandarin ni “端午節” (Igishinwa cyoroshye: 端午节;Igishinwa gakondo: 端午節;pinyin:Duānwǔjié;Wade–Giles:Tuan Wu chieh) muriUbushinwanaTayiwani, na “Tuen Ng Festival” kuri Hong Kong, Macao, Maleziya na Singapore.

Ivugwa mu buryo butandukanye mu buryo butandukanyeImvugo z'IgishinwaMuriIgikantonese, niromanizednkaKuwa kabiri¹Ng⁵Jit³muri Hong Kong naTung¹Ng⁵Jit³i Macau. Niyo mpamvu “Tuen Ng Festival” muri Hong KongTun Ng(Iserukiramuco rya Barco-Dragãomu giporutugali) muri Macao.

Inkomoko

Ukwezi kwa gatanu ku kwezi gufatwa nk'ukwezi kutari ukw'amahirwe. Abantu bizeraga ko ibiza n'indwara bisanzwe mu kwezi kwa gatanu. Kugira ngo bakureho ibyago, abantu bashyiraga calamus, Artemisia, indabo z'amakomamanga, ixora y'Abashinwa na tungurusumu hejuru y'inzugi ku munsi wa gatanu w'ukwezi kwa gatanu.^{[hakenewe icyitonderwa]}Kubera ko ishusho ya kalamusi imeze nk'inkota kandi ikaba ifite impumuro ikomeye ya tungurusumu, bizera ko ishobora gukuraho imyuka mibi.

Indi mpamvu y'inkomoko y'Iserukiramuco ry'Ubwato bw'Ikiyoka ikomoka mbere y'ingoma ya Qin (221–206 mbere ya Yesu). Ukwezi kwa gatanu mu ngengabihe y'ukwezi kwafatwaga nk'ukwezi kubi naho umunsi wa gatanu w'ukwezi ukaba umunsi mubi. Bivugwa ko inyamaswa zifite uburozi zagaragaraga guhera ku munsi wa gatanu w'ukwezi kwa gatanu, nk'inzoka, inyenzi, na sikorupiyo; abantu nabo ngo barwara byoroshye nyuma y'uyu munsi. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cy'Iserukiramuco ry'Ubwato bw'Ikiyoka, abantu bagerageza kwirinda aya mahirwe mabi. Urugero, abantu bashobora gushyira amafoto y'ibiremwa bitanu by'uburozi ku rukuta bagashyiraho inshinge. Abantu bashobora kandi gukora udupapuro tw'ibiremwa bitanu bakadupfunyika ku ntoki z'abana babo. Imihango minini n'ibitaramo byakomotse kuri iyi migenzo mu bice byinshi, bituma Iserukiramuco ry'Ubwato bw'Ikiyoka riba umunsi wo kwikiza indwara n'amahirwe mabi.

Qu Yuan

Inkuru izwi cyane mu Bushinwa bwa none ivuga ko iri serukiramuco ryibuka urupfu rw'umusizi n'umupasiteriQu Yuan(ahagana mu 340–278 mbere ya Yesu) cyo muleta ya kerabyaChumu gihe cyaIgihe cy'ibihugu birwanabyaIngoma ya Zhou. Umwe mu bagize itsinda rya cadet muriInzu y'ubwami ya Chu, Qu yakoraga mu myanya ikomeye. Ariko, igihe umwami yafataga icyemezo cyo kwifatanya na leta yagendaga irushaho gukomera yaQin, Qu yirukanywe azira kurwanya ubufatanye ndetse anashinjwa ubugambanyi. Mu gihe yari mu buhungiro, Qu Yuan yanditse byinshi kuriubusiziNyuma y'imyaka makumyabiri n'umunani, Qin yafasheYing, umurwa mukuru wa Chu. Mu kwiheba, Qu Yuan yiyahuye yiroha mu maziUmugezi wa Miluo.

Bivugwa ko abaturage bo muri ako gace, bamukundaga cyane, birutse mu bwato bwabo kugira ngo bamurokore, cyangwa nibura bagarure umurambo we. Bivugwa ko ari yo nkomoko yaAmarushanwa yo gusiganwa ku bwato bw'ikiyokaUbwo umurambo we waburaga kuboneka, baguye imipira yaumuceri ufatanamu ruzi kugira ngo amafi abarye aho kurya umurambo wa Qu Yuan. Bivugwa ko iyi ari yo nkomoko yazongzi.

Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Qu Yuan yatangiye gufatwa nk'umusizi w'igihugu nk'"umusizi wa mbere w'u Bushinwa ukunda igihugu". Igitekerezo cy'imibanire myiza ya Qu n'urukundo rw'igihugu rudahinduka cyabaye nk'icyemewe n'amategeko mu gihe cya Repubulika y'Abaturage y'u Bushinwa nyuma ya 1949.Intsinzi y'Abakomunisiti mu Ntambara y'Abaturage y'Ubushinwa.

Wu Zixu

Nubwo inyigisho y'inkomoko ya Qu Yuan ikunzwe cyane muri iki gihe, mu gace kahoze ariUbwami bwa Wu, ibirori byo kwibukaWu Zixu(yapfuye mu 484 mbere ya Yesu), Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Wu.Xi Shi, umugore mwiza woherejwe na KingGoujianbyaleta ya Yue, yakundwaga cyane na KingFuchaiya Wu. Wu Zixu, abonye umugambi uteje akaga wa Goujian, yaburiye Fuchai, maze ararakara kubera iyo mvugo. Wu Zixu yahatiwe kwiyahura na Fuchai, umurambo we ujugunywa mu ruzi ku munsi wa gatanu w'ukwezi kwa gatanu. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, ahantu nkaSuzhou, Wu Zixu yibukwa mu gihe cy'Iserukiramuco ry'Ubwato bw'Ikiyoka.

Ibikorwa bitatu bikunze gukorwa cyane mu gihe cy'iserukiramuco ry'ubwato bw'ikiyoka ni ukurya (no gutegura)zongzikunywadivayi ya Realgarn'amarushanwaubwato bw'ikiyoka.

Isiganwa ry'ubwato bw'ikiyoka

Isiganwa ry'ubwato bw'ikiyoka rifite amateka menshi y'imigenzo ya kera y'imihango n'imigenzo, yatangiriye mu majyepfo y'Ubushinwa bwo hagati mu myaka irenga 2500 ishize. Inkuru itangirira ku nkuru ya Qu Yuan, wari Minisitiri muri imwe muri guverinoma za Leta zirwana, Chu. Yasebywe n'abayobozi ba leta bafite ishyari maze yirukanwa n'umwami. Kubera kubabazwa n'umwami wa Chu, yiroshye mu ruzi rwa Miluo. Abaturage basanzwe bihutiye kujya mu mazi bagerageza kugarura umurambo we. Mu rwego rwo kwibuka Qu Yuan, abantu bakora isiganwa ry'ubwato bw'ikiyoka buri mwaka ku munsi w'urupfu rwe nk'uko inkuru ibivuga. Bananyanyagizaga umuceri mu mazi kugira ngo bagaburire amafi, kugira ngo bababuze kurya umurambo wa Qu Yuan, ari na wo mu nkomoko yazongzi.

Zongzi (ibitoki gakondo by'umuceri by'Abashinwa)

Igice cy’ingenzi cyo kwizihiza iserukiramuco ry’ubwato bw’ikiyoka ni uguteka no kurya zongzi hamwe n’abagize umuryango n’inshuti. Abantu basanzwe bazingira zongzi mu mababi y’urubingo, imigano, bigatera ishusho ya piramide. Amababi kandi atanga impumuro n’uburyohe bwihariye ku muceri n’ibirungo bito. Amahitamo y’ibirungo aratandukanye bitewe n’uturere. Uturere two mu majyaruguru y’Ubushinwa dukunda zongzi ziryoshye cyangwa zikozwe mu buryo bwa deseri, hamwe n’ibishyimbo, jujube, n’imbuto nk’ibirungo. Uturere two mu majyepfo y’Ubushinwa dukunda zongzi ziryoshye, hamwe n’ibirungo bitandukanye birimo inda y’ingurube, sosiso, n’amagi y’ibijumba birimo umunyu.

Zongzi yagaragaye mbere y'igihe cy'impeshyi n'impeshyi kandi yakoreshwaga mu kuramya abakurambere n'imana; mu ngoma ya Jin, Zongzi yabaye ibiryo by'ibirori by'Iserukiramuco ry'Ubwato bwa Dragon. Ingoma ya Jin, amadumplings yashyizwe ku mugaragaro nk'ibiryo by'Iserukiramuco ry'Ubwato bwa Dragon. Muri iki gihe, uretse umuceri uryoshye, ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora zongzi byongewemo n'imiti y'Abashinwa yitwa Yizhiren. Zongzi itetse yitwa "yizhi zong".

Impamvu Abashinwa barya zongzi kuri uyu munsi udasanzwe ifite amagambo menshi. Imvugo gakondo ni ukugira ngo habeho umuhango wo kwibuka Quyuan. Mu by'ukuri, Zongzi yafatwaga nk'igitambo cyo guha abakurambere na mbere y'igihe cya Chunqiu. Kuva ku ngoma ya Jin, Zongzi yabaye ifunguro ry'ibirori ku mugaragaro kandi rimaze igihe kirekire kugeza ubu.

Umunsi w'ubwato bwa Dragon kuva ku ya 3 kugeza ku ya 5 Kamena 2022. HUAXIN CARBIDE yifurije buri wese ibiruhuko byiza!