Carbide nicyiciro gikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byihuta byihuta (HSM) ibikoresho by ibikoresho, bikozwe nifu ya metallurgie yifu kandi bigizwe na karbide ikomeye (mubisanzwe tungsten carbide WC) nibice byoroheje byibyuma. Kugeza ubu, hari amagana ya WC ashingiye kuri sima ya karbide hamwe nibintu bitandukanye, inyinshi muri zo zikoresha cobalt (Co) nka binder, nikel (Ni) na chromium (Cr) nazo zikunze gukoreshwa mubintu bihuza, nibindi nabyo bishobora kongerwamo . ibintu bimwe bivanga. Kuki hariho amanota menshi ya karbide? Nigute abakora ibikoresho bahitamo ibikoresho byiza kubikorwa byo gutema? Kugira ngo dusubize ibyo bibazo, reka tubanze turebe ibintu bitandukanye bituma carbide ya sima isima ibikoresho byiza.
gukomera no gukomera
WC-Co isima karbide ifite ibyiza byihariye haba mubukomere no gukomera. Carbide ya Tungsten (WC) isanzwe ikomeye cyane (kuruta corundum cyangwa alumina), kandi ubukana bwayo ntibukunze kugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwimikorere bwiyongera. Ariko, ibuze ubukana buhagije, umutungo wingenzi wo gukata ibikoresho. Mu rwego rwo kwifashisha ubukana bwinshi bwa karubide ya tungsten no kunoza ubukana bwayo, abantu bakoresha imiyoboro y'icyuma kugirango bahuze karubide ya tungsten, ku buryo ibyo bikoresho bifite ubukana burenze ubw'ibyuma byihuta, mu gihe bashoboye kwihanganira gukata cyane ibikorwa. imbaraga zo guca. Byongeye kandi, irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buterwa no gukora umuvuduko mwinshi.
Uyu munsi, ibyuma hafi ya byose bya WC-Co hamwe ninjizamo birasizwe, bityo uruhare rwibikoresho shingiro bisa nkibyingenzi. Ariko mubyukuri, ni modulus yo hejuru ya elastike yibikoresho bya WC-Co (igipimo cyo gukomera, cyikubye inshuro eshatu icyuma cyihuta cyane mubushyuhe bwicyumba) gitanga insimburangingo idahinduka kugirango ikorwe. Matrix ya WC-Co nayo itanga ubukana bukenewe. Iyi mitungo nibintu byibanze byibikoresho bya WC-Co, ariko ibintu bifatika birashobora kandi guhuzwa muguhindura ibikoresho hamwe na microstructure mugihe bitanga ifu ya karbide ya sima. Kubwibyo, ibikwiranye nigikorwa cyibikoresho kumashini yihariye biterwa ahanini nuburyo bwo gusya kwambere.
Uburyo bwo gusya
Ifu ya karubide ya Tungsten iboneka mugutanga ifu ya tungsten (W). Ibiranga ifu ya tungsten ya karbide (cyane cyane ubunini bwayo) biterwa ahanini nubunini bwibintu fatizo byifu ya tungsten nubushyuhe nigihe cya karburizasi. Igenzura ryimiti naryo rirakomeye, kandi ibirimo karubone bigomba guhora (hafi yagaciro ka stoichiometric ya 6.13% kuburemere). Umubare muto wa vanadium na / cyangwa chromium urashobora kongerwaho mbere yo kuvura carburizing kugirango ugenzure ingano yifu ya poro binyuze mubikorwa byakurikiyeho. Uburyo butandukanye bwo hasi yuburyo bukoreshwa hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya bisaba gukoresha ihuza ryihariye rya tungsten karbide ingano yubunini, ibirimo karubone, ibirimo vanadium nibirimo chromium, binyuze mumashanyarazi atandukanye ya tungsten karbide. Kurugero, ATI Alldyne, uruganda rukora ifu ya karubide ya tungsten, itanga amanota 23 asanzwe yifu ya karubide ya tungsten, kandi ubwoko bwifu ya karubide ya tungsten yabugenewe ukurikije ibyifuzo byabakoresha irashobora kugera inshuro zirenga 5 kurwego rusanzwe rwifu ya tungsten.
Iyo kuvanga no gusya ifu ya karubide ya tungsten hamwe nicyuma kugirango ubyare urwego runaka rwifu ya karbide ya sima, hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo butandukanye. Ibikoreshwa cyane muri cobalt ni 3% - 25% (igipimo cyibiro), kandi mugihe bikenewe kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa yibikoresho, birakenewe kongeramo nikel na chromium. Mubyongeyeho, umuringa wicyuma urashobora kurushaho kunozwa wongeyeho ibindi bikoresho bivanze. Kurugero, kongeramo rutheniyumu muri WC-Co ya sima ya karbide irashobora kunoza cyane ubukana bwayo bitagabanije ubukana bwayo. Kongera ibiri muri binder birashobora kandi kunoza ubukana bwa karbide ya sima, ariko bizagabanya ubukana bwayo.
Kugabanya ingano ya karubide ya tungsten irashobora kongera ubukana bwibintu, ariko ingano ya karubide ya tungsten igomba kuguma uko yakabaye mugihe cyo gucumura. Mugihe cyo gucumura, uduce twa tungsten karbide duhuza kandi tugakura muburyo bwo gusesa no kwisubiraho. Mubikorwa byukuri byo gucumura, kugirango ubashe gukora ibintu byuzuye, umurunga wicyuma uhinduka amazi (bita fonction fonctionnement). Iterambere ry’imyunyu ngugu ya tungsten irashobora kugenzurwa hiyongereyeho izindi karbide zinzibacyuho, harimo karbide ya vanadium (VC), chromium karbide (Cr3C2), titanium karbide (TiC), karbide ya tantalum (TaC), na karubide ya niobium (NbC). Ubusanzwe karbide yicyuma yongerwaho mugihe ifu ya karubide ya tungsten ivanze ikanasya hamwe nicyuma, nubwo carbide ya vanadium na chromium karbide nayo ishobora gushingwa mugihe ifu ya karubide ya tungsten yatanzwe.
Ifu ya karubide ya Tungsten irashobora kandi kubyazwa umusaruro ukoresheje imyanda itunganijwe neza ya sima ya karbide. Gutunganya no gukoresha karibide ishaje ifite amateka maremare mu nganda za sima ya sima kandi ni igice cyingenzi mu rwego rw’ubukungu bw’inganda, ifasha kugabanya ibiciro by’ibikoresho, kuzigama umutungo kamere no kwirinda ibikoresho by’imyanda. Kujugunya nabi. Carbide isakaye isukuye irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwa APT (ammonium paratungstate), inzira yo kugarura zinc cyangwa kumenagura. Ifu ya "recycled" ya karubide ya tungsten muri rusange ifite ubucucike bwiza, buteganijwe kuko bufite ubuso buto ugereranije nifu ya karubide ya tungsten ikozwe muburyo bwa karubasi ya tungsten.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya uburyo bwo kuvanga urusyo rwa tungsten karbide nifu yicyuma nabyo ni ibintu byingenzi. Uburyo bubiri bukoreshwa cyane mu gusya ni ugusya imipira na micromilling. Inzira zombi zishoboza kuvanga ifu yasya no kugabanya ingano yubunini. Kugirango ukore igicapo cyakuweho nyuma gifite imbaraga zihagije, gumana imiterere yakazi, kandi ushoboze uwukoresha cyangwa manipulatrice gufata igihangano kugirango akore, mubisanzwe birakenewe kongeramo bingo kama mugihe cyo gusya. Imiterere yimiti yuru rugano irashobora kugira ingaruka kumubyigano nimbaraga zakazi. Kugirango boroherezwe gukemura, nibyiza kongeramo imbaraga zihuza imbaraga, ariko ibi bivamo ubucucike buke kandi birashobora kubyara ibibyimba bishobora gutera inenge mubicuruzwa byanyuma.
Nyuma yo gusya, ifu isanzwe iterwa-yumishijwe kugirango itange agglomerates yubusa-ifatanyirijwe hamwe na binders. Muguhindura ibice bigize organic binder, itembera hamwe nubucucike bwiyi agglomerate irashobora guhuzwa nkuko byifuzwa. Mugusuzuma ibice bito cyangwa byiza, ingano yubunini bwikwirakwizwa rya agglomerate irashobora kurushaho guhuzwa kugirango irebe neza iyo yinjijwe mu cyuho.
Gukora imirimo
Ibikorwa bya Carbide birashobora gushirwaho muburyo butandukanye. Ukurikije ubunini bwakazi, urwego rwimiterere igoye, hamwe nicyiciro cyo kubyaza umusaruro, ibyongewemo byinshi bibumbabumbwa ukoresheje hejuru-na-munsi-yumuvuduko ukabije upfa. Kugirango ugumane uburemere bwibikorwa byakazi hamwe nubunini muri buri kanda, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ingano yifu (misa nubunini) itemba mu cyuho ari imwe. Amazi yifu yifu agenzurwa cyane cyane nubunini bwikwirakwizwa rya agglomerate hamwe nimiterere ya binder organic. Ibicapo byabumbwe (cyangwa “ubusa”) bikozwe mugukoresha igitutu cya ksi 10-80 (kilo pound kuri metero kare) kuri poro yuzuye mumyanda.
Ndetse no munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi cyane, ibice bikomeye bya tungsten karbide ntibishobora guhinduka cyangwa kumeneka, ariko bingo ngengabuzima ikanda mu cyuho kiri hagati ya karubide ya tungsten, bityo igashyiraho umwanya wibice. Umuvuduko mwinshi, niko urushaho guhuza uduce twa tungsten karbide nu ninshi cyane yo guhuza ibikorwa. Imiterere yibipimo byamanota ya pome ya karbide ya sima irashobora gutandukana, bitewe nibiri murwego rwo guhuza ibyuma, ingano nuburyo imiterere ya tungsten karbide, urugero rwa agglomeration, hamwe nibigize hamwe no kongeramo ibinyabuzima. Kugirango utange amakuru yuzuye kubijyanye no guhuza amanota ya pome ya karbide ya sima ya sima, isano iri hagati yubucucike bwumuvuduko nigitutu cya molding isanzwe ikorwa kandi yubatswe nuwabikoze ifu. Aya makuru yemeza ko ifu yatanzwe ihujwe nuburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho.
Ibinini binini bya karbide cyangwa ibihangano bya karbide bifite ibipimo bihanitse cyane (nka shanki yo gusya imashini hamwe na myitozo) mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyiciro bimwe byapimwe byifu ya karbide mumufuka woroshye. Nubwo inzinguzingo yumusaruro wuburyo buringaniye bwo gukanda ari ndende kuruta uburyo bwo kubumba, igiciro cyo gukora igikoresho kiri hasi, ubwo buryo rero burakwiriye kubyazwa umusaruro muto.
Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya ni ugushira ifu mumufuka, hanyuma ugafunga umunwa wumufuka, hanyuma ugashyira igikapu cyuzuye ifu mucyumba, hanyuma ugashyiraho umuvuduko wa 30-60ksi ukoresheje igikoresho cya hydraulic kugirango ukande. Ibikorwa bikandamijwe akenshi bikozwe kuri geometrike yihariye mbere yo gucumura. Ingano yumufuka iragurwa kugirango ihuze igabanuka ryakazi mugihe cyo guhuza no gutanga intera ihagije yo gusya. Kubera ko igihangano gikeneye gutunganywa nyuma yo gukanda, ibisabwa kugirango ubudahwema bwo kwishyuza ntibikaze nkuburyo bwo kubumba, ariko biracyakenewe ko hamenyekana ko ifu ingana mu mufuka buri gihe. Niba ubwinshi bwumuriro wifu ari ntoya cyane, birashobora gutuma ifu idahagije mumufuka, bikavamo igihangano cyabaye gito cyane kandi kigomba gukurwaho. Niba ubwinshi bwo gupakira ifu ari ndende cyane, kandi ifu yuzuye mumufuka ni myinshi, igihangano gikeneye gutunganywa kugirango gikureho ifu nyinshi nyuma yo gukanda. Nubwo ifu irenze yakuweho kandi yakuweho ibihangano bishobora gukoreshwa, kubikora bigabanya umusaruro.
Ibikorwa bya Carbide birashobora kandi gushingwa hakoreshejwe extrusion ipfa cyangwa inshinge zipfa. Gukuramo ibishushanyo mbonera birakwiriye cyane cyane kubyara umusaruro wibikorwa bya axisymmetric, mugihe uburyo bwo guterwa inshinge busanzwe bukoreshwa mugukora cyane muburyo bukomeye bwibikorwa. Muri ubwo buryo bwombi bwo kubumba, amanota yifu ya karbide ya sima yahagaritswe muguhuza kama itanga amenyo amenyo ameze nkayavanze na karbide ivanze. Urwo ruganda noneho rusohokera mu mwobo cyangwa rugaterwa mu mwobo kugira ngo rukore. Ibiranga urwego rwifu ya karbide ya sima igena igipimo cyiza cyifu yifu kugirango ihuze imvange, kandi igira uruhare runini mugutembera kwuruvange runyuze mu mwobo wo gusohora cyangwa gutera inshinge.
Nyuma yakazi kakozwe mugushushanya, gukanda isostatike, gukuramo cyangwa gutera inshinge, guhuza ibinyabuzima bigomba gukurwa mubikorwa mbere yicyiciro cya nyuma cyo gucumura. Gucumura bikuraho ububobere kumurimo wakazi, bigatuma byuzuye (cyangwa cyane). Mugihe cyo gucumura, umuringa wicyuma mubikorwa byakozwe nabanyamakuru biba amazi, ariko igihangano kigumana imiterere yacyo mugikorwa cyimbaraga za capillary hamwe nuduce duto.
Nyuma yo gucumura, geometrie yakazi ikomeza kuba imwe, ariko ibipimo biragabanuka. Kugirango ubone ingano yakazi isabwa nyuma yo gucumura, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gutegura igikoresho. Urwego rwifu ya karbide ikoreshwa mugukora buri gikoresho igomba kuba yarateguwe kugirango igabanuke neza mugihe ihuye nigitutu gikwiye.
Mubibazo hafi ya byose, birakenewe kuvurwa nyuma yicyaha cyo gucumura. Uburyo bwibanze bwo kuvura ibikoresho byo gukata ni ugukarisha inkombe. Ibikoresho byinshi bisaba gusya geometrie hamwe nubunini nyuma yo gucumura. Ibikoresho bimwe bisaba gusya hejuru no hepfo; abandi bakeneye gusya kuri periferiya (hamwe cyangwa batarinze gukata inkombe). Imashini zose za karbide ziva mu gusya zirashobora gukoreshwa.
Igicapo c'akazi
Mubihe byinshi, igikorwa cyarangiye gikeneye gutwikirwa. Ipitingi itanga amavuta kandi ikongerera ubukana, kimwe n'inzitizi yo gukwirakwiza substrate, ikarinda okiside iyo ihuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Isima ya karbide isima ni ingenzi kumikorere ya coating. Usibye kudoda ibintu nyamukuru byifu ya matrix, imiterere yubuso bwa matrix irashobora kandi guhuzwa no guhitamo imiti no guhindura uburyo bwo gucumura. Binyuze mu kwimuka kwa cobalt, cobalt nyinshi irashobora gukungahazwa mugice cyo hejuru cyubuso bwumubyimba muburebure bwa 20-30 mm ugereranije nibindi bikorwa, bityo bigaha ubuso bwa substrate imbaraga nubukomezi, bigatuma biba byinshi irwanya ihinduka.
Ukurikije uburyo bwabo bwo gukora (nkuburyo bwa dewaxing, igipimo cyo gushyushya, igihe cyo gucumura, ubushyuhe na carburizing voltage), uruganda rukora ibikoresho rushobora kugira bimwe byihariye bisabwa kugirango urwego rwifu ya karbide ya sima ikoreshwa. Bamwe mubakora ibikoresho barashobora gucumura ibihangano mumatanura ya vacuum, mugihe abandi barashobora gukoresha itanura rishyushye rya isostatike (HIP) itanura ryumuriro (ryotsa igitutu kumurimo hafi yo kurangiza inzira kugirango bakureho ibisigazwa). Ibicapo byacuzwe mu itanura rya vacuum birashobora kandi gukenera gushyukwa byihutirwa ukoresheje inzira yinyongera kugirango byongere ubwinshi bwakazi. Bamwe mubakora ibikoresho barashobora gukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa vacuum kugirango bongere ubwinshi bwimvange yimvange hamwe na cobalt yo hasi, ariko ubu buryo bushobora guhuza microstructure yabo. Kugirango ubungabunge ingano nziza, ifu ifite ingano ntoya ya tungsten karbide irashobora gutoranywa. Kugirango uhuze ibikoresho byihariye byo gukora, imiterere ya dewaxing na voltage ya carburizing nayo ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kubintu bya karubone biri mu ifu ya karbide ya sima.
Ibyiciro
Ihinduka ryubwoko butandukanye bwifu ya tungsten ya karbide, ibivanze bivanze nibirimo ibyuma, ubwoko nubunini bwikura ryikura ryimbuto, nibindi, bigize ibyiciro bitandukanye bya sima ya karbide. Ibipimo bizagena microstructure ya karbide ya sima hamwe nimiterere yayo. Bimwe muburyo bwo guhuza imitungo byahindutse ibyambere mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byihariye byo gutunganya, bigatuma biba byiza gutondekanya ibyiciro bitandukanye bya sima ya karbide.
Sisitemu ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwa carbide zo gutondekanya porogaramu ni sisitemu yo kumenyekanisha C na sisitemu ya ISO. Nubwo nta sisitemu yerekana neza ibintu bifatika bigira uruhare mu guhitamo amanota ya karbide ya sima, bitanga intangiriro yo kuganira. Kuri buri cyiciro, ababikora benshi bafite amanota yihariye, bivamo ubwoko butandukanye bwa karbide。
Impamyabumenyi ya Carbide irashobora kandi gushyirwa mubice. Tungsten karbide (WC) amanota ashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu bwibanze: bworoshye, microcrystalline kandi ivanze. Urwego rworoheje rugizwe ahanini na tungsten karbide na cobalt binders, ariko irashobora kandi kuba irimo ingano ntoya yo gukura kwimbuto. Urwego rwa microcrystalline rugizwe na tungsten karbide na cobalt binder hiyongereyeho ibihumbi byinshi bya karbide ya vanadium (VC) na (cyangwa) chromium karbide (Cr3C2), kandi ingano yacyo irashobora kugera kuri 1 mm cyangwa munsi yayo. Impamyabumenyi ya Alloy igizwe na tungsten karbide na cobalt binders zirimo bike ku ijana bya karubide ya titanium (TiC), karbide ya tantalum (TaC), na karubide ya niobium (NbC). Ibyo byongeweho bizwi kandi nka cubic carbide kubera imiterere yabyo. Microstructure yavuyemo yerekana imiterere idahwitse yibice bitatu.
1) amanota yoroshye ya karbide
Aya manota yo gukata ibyuma mubisanzwe arimo 3% kugeza 12% cobalt (kuburemere). Ingano yubunini bwa tungsten karbide mubusanzwe iri hagati ya 1-8 mm. Kimwe nandi manota, kugabanya ingano ya karubide ya tungsten byongera ubukana bwayo nimbaraga zo guturika (TRS), ariko bikagabanya ubukana bwayo. Ubukomere bwubwoko bwera buri hagati ya HRA89-93.5; imbaraga zo guturika guhinduka ni hagati ya 175-350ksi. Ifu yibi byiciro irashobora kuba irimo ibintu byinshi byongeye gukoreshwa.
Ubwoko bworoshye bwamanota bushobora kugabanywa muri C1-C4 muri sisitemu ya C, kandi birashobora gushyirwa mubice ukurikije urutonde rwa K, N, S na H murwego rwa ISO. Amanota yoroheje afite imitungo iringaniye arashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro rusange-bigamije amanota (nka C2 cyangwa K20) kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura, gusya, gutegura no kurambirana; amanota afite ingano ntoya cyangwa ingano ya cobalt hamwe nuburemere bukomeye birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkurangiza amanota (nka C4 cyangwa K01); amanota afite ingano nini cyangwa ingano ya cobalt hamwe nubukomezi bwiza birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkamanota akomeye (nka C1 cyangwa K30).
Ibikoresho bikozwe mu byiciro bya Simplex birashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibyuma, 200 na 300 bikurikirana ibyuma bitagira umwanda, aluminium nibindi byuma bidafite ferrous, superalloys hamwe nicyuma gikomeye. Aya manota arashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukata ibyuma (urugero nkibikoresho byo gucukura urutare na geologiya), kandi aya manota afite ingano yingano ya 1.5-10 mm (cyangwa nini) hamwe na cobalt ya 6% -16%. Ubundi buryo bwo gukata butari ibyuma byo gukoresha amanota ya karbide ni mubikorwa byo gupfa no gukubita. Aya manota mubisanzwe afite ingano yintete iringaniye hamwe na cobalt ya 16% -30%.
(2) Microcrystalline sima ya karbide amanota
Amanota nkaya arimo 6% -15% cobalt. Mugihe cyo gucumura icyiciro cyamazi, kongeramo karbide ya vanadium na / cyangwa chromium karbide irashobora kugenzura imikurire yintete kugirango ibone imiterere myiza yintete ifite ubunini buri munsi ya 1 mm. Urwego rwiza-rufite urwego rwo hejuru cyane kandi rukomeye rwo guturika hejuru ya 500ksi. Gukomatanya imbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubukomezi buhagije butuma aya manota akoresha inguni nini nziza ya rake, igabanya imbaraga zo gukata kandi ikabyara utubuto duto mugukata aho gusunika ibyuma.
Binyuze mu kumenyekanisha neza ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye mugukora amanota yifu ya karbide ya sima, hamwe no kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gucumura kugirango hirindwe ko habaho ingano nini zidasanzwe muri microstructure, birashoboka kubona ibintu bifatika. Kugirango ingano yintete ntoya kandi imwe, ifu yongeye gukoreshwa yongeye gukoreshwa gusa niba hari igenzura ryuzuye ryibikoresho fatizo no kugarura ibintu, hamwe no gupima ubuziranenge.
Amanota ya microcrystalline arashobora gutondekwa ukurikije icyiciro cya M muri sisitemu ya ISO. Mubyongeyeho, ubundi buryo bwo gutondekanya muburyo bwa C sisitemu na sisitemu ya ISO ni kimwe n amanota meza. Amanota ya Microcrystalline arashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bikata ibikoresho byoroheje byakazi, kuko ubuso bwigikoresho bushobora gukorwa neza cyane kandi bushobora gukomeza gukata cyane.
Amanota ya Microcrystalline arashobora kandi gukoreshwa mumashini ya nikel ishingiye kuri superalloys, kuko ishobora kwihanganira kugabanya ubushyuhe bugera kuri 1200 ° C. Mugutunganya superalloys nibindi bikoresho byihariye, gukoresha ibikoresho bya microcrystalline nibikoresho byo mu rwego rwiza birimo rutheniyumu birashobora icyarimwe kunoza imyambarire yabo, kurwanya ihindagurika no gukomera. Amanota ya Microcrystalline nayo arakwiriye mugukora ibikoresho bizunguruka nkimyitozo ibyara impagarara. Hano hari imyitozo ikozwe mubyiciro bya karbide ya sima. Mubice byihariye byimyitozo imwe, ibirimo cobalt mubikoresho biratandukanye, kuburyo ubukana nubukomere bwimyitozo bigenda neza ukurikije ibikenewe gutunganywa.
(3) Alloy ubwoko bwa sima ya karbide amanota
Aya manota akoreshwa cyane mugukata ibyuma, kandi ibirimo cobalt mubisanzwe ni 5% -10%, naho ingano zingana kuva 0.8-2μm. Iyo wongeyeho 4% -25% ya titanium karbide (TiC), imyuka ya tungsten karbide (WC) ikwirakwira hejuru yicyuma gishobora kugabanuka. Imbaraga zikoreshwa, crater yambara irwanya hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro birashobora kunozwa wongeyeho karbide ya tantalum igera kuri 25% (TaC) na karubide ya niobium (NbC). Kwiyongera kwa karubike nkiyo byongera ubukana butukura bwigikoresho, bifasha kwirinda guhindagurika kwubushyuhe bwigikoresho mugukata cyane cyangwa mubindi bikorwa aho gukata bizatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Byongeye kandi, titanium karbide irashobora gutanga ibibanza bya nucleation mugihe cyo gucumura, bikazamura uburinganire bwikwirakwizwa rya cubic carbide mubikorwa.
Muri rusange, ubukana bwurwego rwimisemburo ya sima ya karbide ni HRA91-94, naho imbaraga zo kuvunika transvers ni 150-300ksi. Ugereranije n amanota meza, amanota ya alloy afite imyambarire idahwitse nimbaraga nke, ariko ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya kwambara. Impamyabumenyi ya Alloy irashobora kugabanywa muri C5-C8 muri sisitemu ya C, kandi irashobora gushyirwa mubice ukurikije icyiciro cya P na M muri sisitemu ya ISO. Alloy amanota afite imitungo iringaniye irashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkicyiciro rusange cyintego (nka C6 cyangwa P30) kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura, gukanda, gutegura no gusya. Amanota akomeye arashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nko kurangiza amanota (nka C8 na P01) kugirango arangize ibikorwa birambiranye. Aya manota mubisanzwe afite ingano ntoya nubunini bwa cobalt kugirango ubone ubukana bukenewe no kwambara birwanya. Nyamara, ibintu bisa nkibishobora kuboneka wongeyeho karubike nyinshi. Amanota afite ubukana buhanitse arashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bitoroshye (urugero C5 cyangwa P50). Aya manota mubusanzwe afite ingano yintete iringaniye hamwe na cobalt nyinshi, hiyongereyeho karbike nkeya kugirango ugere kubushake bwifuzwa mukubuza gukura. Muguhagarika ibikorwa byahagaritswe, imikorere yo gukata irashobora kurushaho kunozwa ukoresheje amanota yavuzwe haruguru ya cobalt akungahaye hamwe na cobalt yo hejuru kurwego rwibikoresho.
Impamyabumenyi ya Alloy hamwe na karibide yo munsi ya titanium ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibyuma bidafite ingese nicyuma cyoroshye, ariko birashobora no gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibyuma bidafite ferro nka nikel ishingiye kuri nikel. Ingano yingano yibi byiciro mubisanzwe iri munsi ya 1 mm, naho cobalt ni 8% -12%. Amanota akomeye, nka M10, arashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura ibyuma byoroshye; amanota akomeye, nka M40, arashobora gukoreshwa mugusya no gutegura ibyuma, cyangwa muguhindura ibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa superalloys.
Ubwoko bwa aliyumu ya sima ya karbide irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukata ibyuma, cyane cyane mugukora ibice birwanya kwambara. Ingano yibi byiciro mubisanzwe ni 1,2-2 mm, naho cobalt ni 7% -10%. Mugihe utanga aya manota, ijanisha ryinshi ryibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mubisanzwe byongeweho, bikavamo igiciro kinini-cyiza cyo kwambara ibice. Kwambara ibice bisaba kurwanya ruswa no gukomera cyane, bishobora kuboneka wongeyeho nikel na chromium karbide mugihe utanga amanota.
Kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa bya tekiniki nubukungu byabakora ibikoresho, ifu ya karbide nikintu cyingenzi. Ifu yagenewe ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho nibikoresho byo gutunganya byemeza imikorere yumurimo urangiye kandi byavuyemo amanota ya karbide. Imiterere isubirwamo yibikoresho bya karbide hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukorana neza nabatanga ifu bituma abakora ibikoresho bagenzura neza ibicuruzwa byabo nibiciro byibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-18-2022
